Abstract:
Method and systems are provided for in vivo, non-invasive detection of blood analytes. A portion of the sterile matrix (22) located beneath a nail (20) is illuminated by passing radiation (42) from an optical source through the nail (20) into the sterile matrix (22). Scattered refracted, or reflected radiation (70) emitted within the sampled volume (30) is collected and analyzed to identify and quantify one or more selected analytes.
Abstract:
A small-spot imaging, spectrometry instrument (Fig. 1) for measuring properties of a sample (27) has a polarization-scrambling element, such as a Lyot depolarizer (19), incorporatied between the polarization-introducing components of the system, such as the beamsplitter (17), and the microscope objective (21) of the system. The Lyot depolarizer varies polarization with wavelength. Sinusoidal perturbation in the resulting measured spectrum can be removed by data processing techniques or, if the depolarizer is thick or highly birefringent,l may be narrower than the wavelength resolution of the instrument.
Abstract:
A solid state image pickup device (31) in which a plurality of picture elements are arranged in two dimensions to pick up the image of the distribution in two-dimensional space of radiative ray, light beams, electrons, ions, etc., and which is characterized by an opening (34) piercing a substrate (33b) being provided at the roughly center of an image pickup part (33) where the picture elements are arranged, and a charge transfer path to connect charge transfer electrodes (33d) to read out the image of each picture element with one another being wired, avoiding the opening (34). Furthermore, the image pickup part (33) is divided into at least two regions with the boundary between them lying partially in the opening (34), and each region has an exclusive register for charge readout. Hereby, this image pickup device doubles as an image pickup device to pick up the two-dimensional distribution of radiative ray, etc. and an aperture to this radiation.
Abstract:
A spectrometer (20) is formed from two supports (10, 30). A first of the supports (10) has a diffraction grating (11) for dispersing light, source locating means (12) for locating a source of said light, and detector locating means (13) for locating a detector of said dispersed light. The other support is a mirror support (30) having a body and at least two reflective surfaces (31, 32) integrally formed with the body of the support (30). In preferred embodiments, one of the reflective surfaces may be divided into segments (32, 32'; 33). The spectrometer (20) can be cheaply mass-produced. In aspects of the invention, the distances between the source, detector and dispersive means are accurately fixed during manufacture in a simple and inexpensive manner.
Abstract:
A broadband area-division beamsplitter that includes a pair of abutting triangular prisms (51 and 53) providing two surfaces that are in optical contact in certain areas and are out of optical contact in other areas. One prism surface (57) is substantially planar while adjoining surface (55) of the other prism has alternating protrusions and depressions. The two surfaces are oriented on a diagonal so that light incident through one of the other prism faces is incident on the adjoining surfaces at an angle larger than the critical angle, providing total internal reflection at the out-of-contact gap regions. The protrusions and depressions on the one prism surface may be in the form of a corrugation (Fig. 4) or a checkerboard (Fig. 5) or some other patterns.
Abstract:
The invention relates to controllable Fabry-Perot interferometers which are produced with micromechanical (MEMS) technology. Micromechanical interferometers of the prior art have a disadvantage of significantly attenuating infrared radiation. In the inventive solution there is a gap in at least one mirror, serving as a layer of the mirror. The other layers of the mirrors can be made of polycrystalline silicon, which has a negligible attenuation at the infrared range. It is also preferable to provide a hole or a recess in a substrate at the optical area of the interferometer.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method and compact apparatus for laser induced breakdown atomic emission spectroscopy from a targeted sample having a laser generating a laser beam, the laser beam directed to the sample, optical means for manipulating the laser beam in order maximize laser fluency at the target surface of the sample, the laser beam generating ablation and plasma emission from the sample at the target surface, an emission spectrometer having a detector for detecting a plasma plume from the plasma emission.
Abstract:
A light radiating portion (11a, 11b, 12, 51, 52) radiates light with wavelength »1 having predetermined absorptivity for an object (16) and light with wavelength »2 having smaller absorptivity for the object (16) than the wavelength »1, to a target, so as to scan in 2-dimensional directions. A light receiving portion (17) receives scattered lights reflected by the target based on light with wavelength »1 and light with wavelength »2. A measuring portion (18) generates information used for detection of the object (16) at the target, based on difference between the two scattered lights with wavelength »1 and wavelength »2 received by the light receiving portion (17). An output portion (53) outputs whether or not the object is present at the target, by 2-dimensional area information, based on scanning by the light radiating portion (11a, 11b, 12, 51, 52) and information generated by the measuring portion (18).
Abstract:
A light radiating portion (11a, 11b, 12, 51, 52) radiates light with wavelength λ1 having predetermined absorptivity for an object (16) and light with wavelength λ2 having smaller absorptivity for the object (16) than the wavelength λ1, to a target, so as to scan in 2-dimensional directions. A light receiving portion (17) receives scattered lights reflected by the target based on light with wavelength λ1 and light with wavelength λ2. A measuring portion (18) generates information used for detection of the object (16) at the target, based on difference between the two scattered lights with wavelength λ1 and wavelength λ2 received by the light receiving portion (17). An output portion (53) outputs whether or not the object is present at the target, by 2-dimensional area information, based on scanning by the light radiating portion (11a, 11b, 12, 51, 52) and information generated by the measuring portion (18).