Abstract:
A lithographic apparatus has a support that is provided with burls for holding an object. The support has been fabricated with a lithographic manufacturing method, e.g., a MEMS-technology, so as to create burls whose orientations or positions are individually electrically controllable.
Abstract:
A radiation source (e.g., LPP - laser produced plasma source) for generation of extreme UV (EUV) radiation has at least two fuel particle streams having different trajectories. Each stream is directed to cross the path of an excitation (laser) beam focused at a plasma formation region, but the trajectories are spaced apart at the plasma formation region, and the streams phased, so that only one stream has a fuel particle in the plasma formation region at any time, and so that when a fuel particle from one stream is generating plasma and EUV radiation at the plasma generation region, other fuel particles are sufficiently spaced so as to be substantially unaffected by the plasma. The arrangement permits potential doubling of the radiation intensity achievable for a particular fuel particle size.
Abstract:
A droplet generator, for an EUV radiation source, comprises: a capillary in which, in use, molten material flows; an actuator configured to modulate a pressure inside the capillary; and a controller configured to drive the actuator at a driving frequency; wherein the droplet generator is arranged such that, in use, the driving frequency is equal or about equal to a main resonance frequency of the molten material in the capillary.
Abstract:
The present invention provides methods and apparatus for facilitating the start up of a fuel droplet stream generator. During a start-up phase the fuel droplet stream generator is positioned so that the fuel droplets re emitted downwardly whereby gravity assists in the establishment of the stream. The droplets are monitored using a visualization system and once the stream is determined to have the desired characteristics the stream generator is moved to a second position of steady state use in which the droplet stream is emitted in a horizontal direction.
Abstract:
A radiation source (SO) comprising a fuel source configured to deliver fuel to a location (12) from which the fuel emits EUV radiation. The radiation source further comprises an immobile fuel debris receiving surface (24c, d) provided with a plurality of grooves. The grooves have orientations which are arranged to direct the flow of liquid fuel under the influence of gravity in one or more desired directions.