Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the formation of an undesired droplet of an immersion liquid on one or a plurality of surfaces of an immersion lithographic apparatus or to remove the droplet.SOLUTION: Electrowetting is employed to control the behavior of the immersion liquid in the immersion lithographic apparatus. There is provided an active immersion liquid control system including: a first electrode capable of electrically connecting a surface at least periodically contacting to the immersion liquid to the immersion liquid to be controlled; a second electrode related to the surface, electrically insulated from the immersion liquid to be controlled; and a voltage control device for supplying a controlled voltage difference between the first electrode and the second electrode.
Abstract:
A lithographic apparatus configured to project a patterned beam of radiation onto a target portion of a substrate is disclosed. The apparatus includes a first radiation dose detector (10A) and a second radiation dose detector (10B), each detector comprising a secondary electron emission surface (11) configured to receive a radiation flux and to emit secondary electrons due to the receipt of the radiation flux, the first radiation dose detector located upstream with respect to the second radiation dose detector viewed with respect to a direction of radiation transmission, and a meter (13), connected to each detector, to detect a current or voltage resulting from the secondary electron emission from the respective electron emission surface.
Abstract:
Radiation Source, Lithographic Apparatus, and Device Manufacturing Method. A radiation source comprises an anode and a cathode that are configured and arranged to create a discharge in a gas or vapor in a space between anode and cathode and to form a plasma pinch so as to generate electromagnetic radiation. The gas or vapor may comprise xenon, indium, lithium and/or tin. To improve heat dissipation, the radiation source comprises a plurality of discharge elements, each of which is only used for short intervals, after which another discharge element is selected.To improve the exact timing of the pinch formation and thus the pulse of EUV radiation, the radiation source comprises a triggering device.To improve the conversion efficiency, the radiation source is constructed to have a low inductance, and operated in a self- triggering regime.