Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lithographic apparatus which reduces sputtering due to gas that has been introduced in an optical path of a projection beam, and to provide a device manufacturing method. SOLUTION: The lithographic apparatus is arranged to project a beam from a radiation source onto a substrate. The lithographic apparatus includes an optical element in an optical path of the beam, a gas inlet for introducing gas into the optical path of the beam so that the gas will be ionized by the beam to create an electric field toward the optical element, and a gas source coupled to the gas inlet for supplying the gas. The gas has a threshold value of kinetic energy for sputtering the optical element that is greater than a kinetic energy developed by ions of the gas in the electric field. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cleaning elements of a lithographic device, for example, optical elements such as a collector mirror. SOLUTION: The method for cleaning the elements includes the steps of: providing a gas 155 containing nitrogen; generating nitrogen radicals from at least a part of the gas, thereby forming a radical containing gas 165; and providing at least a part of the radical containing gas to the one or more elements 100 of the apparatus. The lithographic apparatus includes a source and an optical element 100, and an electrical discharge generator 200 arranged so as to generate a radio frequency discharge. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a discharge forming plasma radiation source, and a method of forming radiation using the discharge forming plasma radiation source to reduce the number of formed high-speed (high-energy) ions. SOLUTION: The discharge forming plasma radiation source includes a laser beam pulse generator constituted so as to induce a pinch in the plasma of the discharge forming plasma radiation source by providing a laser beam pulse. The laser beam pulse generator is constituted so as to provide the laser beam pulse having larger energy than the most suitable laser beam pulse energy corresponding to the maximum output of the radiation of a prescribed wavelength with respect to prescribed discharge energy. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Abstract:
The invention relates to a radiation system for generating electromagnetic radiation. The radiation system includes a pair of electrodes (5) constructed and arranged to generate plasma of a first substance and a pinch (10) in the plasma. The radiation system also includes a plasma recombination surface (13) that is arranged proximate to the pinch, and is configured to neutralize a plurality of plasma particles.
Abstract:
A target material is configured to be used in a source constructed and arranged to generate a radiation beam having a wavelength in a 6.8 nm range. The target material includes a Gd-based composition configured to modify a melting temperature of Gd, or Tb, or a Tb-based composition configured to reduce a melting temperature of Tb.
Abstract:
A device for generating radiation based on a discharge includes a cathode (33k) and an anode (33a). The cathode and anode material are supplied in fluid state. The material forms a plasma pinch when the device is in use. Optionally, nozzles (31) may be used to supply the material. The cathode and/or anode may form a flat surface. The trajectories (33) of the material may be elongated. A laser (37) may be used to cause the discharge more easily. The laser may be directed on the anode or cathode or on a separate material located in between the anode and cathode.
Abstract:
A radiation source comprises an anode and a cathode for creating a discharge in a gas or vapor in a space between anode and cathode and to form a plasma of a working gas or vapor so as to generate electromagnetic radiation. The cathode comprises a hollow cavity having an aperture that has a substantially annular configuration around a central axis of said radiation source for initiating the discharge. A driver gas or vapor is supplied to the cathode cavity and the working gas or vapor is supplied in a region around the central axis in between anode and cathode. The working gas or vapor may comprise xenon, lithium vapor and tin vapor.
Abstract:
A radiation source of a radiation system of a lithographic projection apparatus comprises electrodes for creating a discharge in a space between them such that the discharge collapses into a pinch volume. The collapsing discharge creates a highly ionized, high temperature plasma in the pinch volume. A working fluid is ejected from a jet nozzle into the pinching volume and is thereby raised to a high temperature state and emits extreme ultraviolet radiation.