公开(公告)号：US5139335A

公开(公告)日：1992-08-18

申请号：US571716

申请日：1990-08-24

Applicant: Thomas F. Lundeen ,  Jonathan C. Gradie

Inventor： Thomas F. Lundeen ,  Jonathan C. Gradie

IPC: G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/28

CPC classification number: G01J3/1838 ,  G01J3/2803 ,  G01J2003/1273 ,  G01J2003/1828

Abstract: A spectrometer apparatus is provided including means for focusing a light beam with a concave holographic grating, means for passing light reflected from the grating through a step order filter to an array detector and means for processing signals from the array detector. The spectrometer permits monitoring a plurality of grating orders simultanously without mechanical scanning.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种光谱仪装置，包括用于将光束与凹面全息光栅聚焦的装置，用于将从光栅反射的光通过阶阶阶滤波器传递到阵列检测器的装置和用于处理来自阵列检测器的信号的装置。 光谱仪允许在没有机械扫描的情况下同时监测多个光栅指令。

公开(公告)号：US5002393A

公开(公告)日：1991-03-26

申请号：US358858

申请日：1989-05-30

Applicant: Alain Thevenon ,  Michel Le Clercq

Inventor： Alain Thevenon ,  Michel Le Clercq

IPC: G01J3/18

CPC classification number: G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/1838

Abstract: A double spectrograph system is disclosed. An entrance slit receives and passes light to be analyzed. A first focusing diffraction grating receives that light. A second focusing diffraction grating receives light reflected by the first focusing diffraction grating. The first and second focusing diffraction gratings both have the characteristic of forming planar substantially anastigmatic spectra. Mounting means keeps the first and second gratings at positions symmetrical about an imaginary plane and with their respective focal planes substantially coincident with each other and the imaginary plane. An exit slit receives the light after it has been reflected by the first grating to the second grating and from the second grating to the exit slit.

公开(公告)号：US4966458A

公开(公告)日：1990-10-30

申请号：US357980

申请日：1989-05-26

Applicant: Richard Burns ,  James Defendorf ,  Edward King ,  Cornelius McCarthy

Inventor： Richard Burns ,  James Defendorf ,  Edward King ,  Cornelius McCarthy

IPC: G01J3/04 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/44 ,  G01J3/443 ,  G01N21/31

CPC classification number: G01J3/04 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/2803 ,  G01J2003/045 ,  G01J2003/102 ,  G01J2003/1204 ,  G01J2003/1295 ,  G01J2003/1828 ,  G01J2003/425 ,  G01J3/1838 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/4406 ,  G01J3/443 ,  G01N2021/174 ,  G01N2021/3129

Abstract: An optical system for a multidetector array spectrophotometer which includes multiple light sources for emitting light of selected wavelength ranges and means for selectively transmitting the selected wavelength ranges of light to respective slits of a multi-slit spectrogrpah for multiple wavelength range detection. The spectrograph has two or more slits which direct the selected wavelength ranges of the light spectra to fall upon a dispersive and focusing system which collects light from each slit, disperses the light by wavelength and refocuses the light at the positions of a single set of detectors.

Abstract translation: 一种多检测器阵列分光光度计的光学系统，其包括用于发射所选波长范围的光的多个光源和用于选择性地将所选择的波长范围的光传输到用于多波长范围检测的多狭缝光谱仪的相应狭缝的装置。 光谱仪具有两个或更多个狭缝，其将所选择的光谱波长范围引导到分散和聚焦系统上，色散和聚焦系统收集来自每个狭缝的光，通过波长分散光并将光重新聚焦在单组检测器的位置 。

公开(公告)号：US4730922A

公开(公告)日：1988-03-15

申请号：US731781

申请日：1985-05-08

Applicant: David T. Bach ,  Charles W. Robertson, Jr.

Inventor： David T. Bach ,  Charles W. Robertson, Jr.

IPC: G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/17 ,  G01N21/51 ,  G01N21/59 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/49

CPC classification number: G01N21/17 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01J3/1838 ,  G01J3/2803 ,  G01N2021/1738 ,  G01N2021/6482 ,  G01N21/51 ,  G01N21/59 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N2201/0696

Abstract: An absorbance, turbidimetric, fluorescence, and nephelometric photometer is constructed by providing a sample cell having a rectangular absorbance/turbidimetric cross-section for radiation. The cells exit aperture is positioned to be the entrance aperture for a grating which separates the light according to wavelength and impingement on an array detector.

Abstract translation: 通过提供具有用于辐射的矩形吸光度/比浊横截面的样品池来构建吸光度，比浊度，荧光和比浊法光度计。 电池出口孔被定位成用于光栅的入口孔，该光栅将光根据波长和冲击分离在阵列检测器上。

公开(公告)号：US4696570A

公开(公告)日：1987-09-29

申请号：US728295

申请日：1985-04-29

Applicant: A. Pierre Joliot ,  Daniel Beal

Inventor： A. Pierre Joliot ,  Daniel Beal

IPC: G01J1/16 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/42

CPC classification number: G01J3/1838 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0216 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J1/1626 ,  G01J2001/161 ,  G01N2021/1748 ,  G01N2201/0696 ,  G01N2201/08

Abstract: A flash tube (1) illuminates the inlet slit diaphragm of a monchromator illuminator (3) the outlet slit diaphragm of which is applied to an optical conductor (5) forming a statistically balanced derivation towards a measuring cell (6M) and a reference cell (6R). Quantic photodetectors (7M and 7R) measure respectively the light conveyed by the two cells. The electric signals obtained are amplified and digitalized, and a microcomputer (9) calculates the relation between the measuring signal (M) and the reference signal (R), other things being equal.

Abstract translation: 闪光管（1）照亮单色荧光灯（3）的入口狭缝光阑，其出射狭缝光阑被施加到形成朝向测量单元（6M）和参考单元（6M）的统计平衡导数的光导体（5） 6R）。 语义光电探测器（7M和7R）分别测量由两个单元传输的光。 所获得的电信号被放大和数字化，并且微计算机（9）计算测量信号（M）和参考信号（R）之间的关系，其他情况相同。

公开(公告)号：US4673292A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-16

申请号：US687256

申请日：1984-12-28

Applicant: Michel Pouey

Inventor： Michel Pouey

IPC: G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/18

CPC classification number: G01J3/1838

Abstract: The invention relates to a monochromator including a telecentric dispersive lens (TD0) in which the collimated diffracted beam (2) at an angle .beta. with respect to the normal to the telecentric dispersive lens (TD0) is focused at the focus of a telescope (T.sub.2) fitted with a straight slit (S') the optical axis of the telescope (T.sub.2) being merged with the direction of the diffracted beam (2) and the slit (S') being parallel to the direction of the lines of the telecentric dispersive lens (TD0), the collimated incident beam (1), at an angle .alpha. giving the collimated diffracted beam (22) at an angle .beta. after diffraction by the telecentric dispersive lens (TD0).

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种包括远心色散透镜（TD0）的单色仪，其中相对于远心色散透镜（TD0）的法线为β角的准直衍射光束（2）聚焦在望远镜（T2 ），其中所述望远镜（T2）的光轴与所述衍射光束（2）的方向合并且所述狭缝（S'）平行于所述远心散射线的方向的直缝（S'） 透镜（TD0），准直入射光束（1），以通过远心色散透镜（TD0）衍射之后以角度β给出准直衍射光束（22）的角度α。

公开(公告)号：US4652761A

公开(公告)日：1987-03-24

申请号：US677950

申请日：1984-12-04

Applicant: James B. Kerr ,  Charles T. McElroy ,  David I. Wardle

Inventor： James B. Kerr ,  Charles T. McElroy ,  David I. Wardle

IPC: G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/32

CPC classification number: G01J3/32 ,  G01J2003/063 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01J2003/2876 ,  G01J2003/326 ,  G01J3/0202 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0291 ,  G01J3/1838

Abstract: A holographic grating spectrophotometer for detecting ozone and sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere is described which provides automatic calibration and which provides automatic linearity correction for the photomultiplier tube. Automatic calibration is provided by using a computer to control a stepper motor to move the grating so that the photomultiplier tube receives maximum intensity at the calibration wavelength of 302.1 nm from a mercury source. Automatic linearity correction is obtained by cycling a wavelength selection mask across exit slits located in the focal plane of the device and firstly combines separately taken counts of two different wavelengths and comparing this sum with the sum of counts of these wavelengths taken simultaneously. The difference is used to calculate photomultiplier tube deadtime and improve accuracy of the results. In a preferred embodiment five wavelengths are used to calculate ozone and sulphur dioxide levels, and a stepper motor driving a cylindrical wavelength selection mask permits exit slits to be exposed to predetermined wavelengths one at a time.

Abstract translation: 描述了用于检测大气中的臭氧和二氧化硫的全息光栅分光光度计，其提供自动校准，并且为光电倍增管提供自动线性校正。 通过使用计算机来控制步进电机来移动光栅来提供自动校准，使得光电倍增管在距离汞源的302.1nm的校准波长处接收最大强度。 通过将波长选择掩模穿过位于器件的焦平面中的出口狭缝来获得自动线性校正，并且首先将分离的两个不同波长的计数组合并将该和与同时采用的这些波长的计数之和进行比较。 差异用于计算光电倍增管死区时间，提高结果精度。 在优选实施例中，使用五个波长来计算臭氧和二氧化硫水平，并且驱动圆柱形波长选择掩模的步进电机允许出口狭缝一次暴露于预定波长。

公开(公告)号：US4540282A

公开(公告)日：1985-09-10

申请号：US477634

申请日：1983-03-21

Applicant: Isaac J. Landa ,  Ronald Shideler

Inventor： Isaac J. Landa ,  Ronald Shideler

IPC: G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/42

CPC classification number: G01J3/42 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01J2003/421 ,  G01J3/1838 ,  G01J3/2889

Abstract: An electro-optical system for rapid, accurate spectral analysis of the reflectivity or transmissivity of samples. A concave, holographic diffraction grating is oscillated at high speed to provide a rapid scanning of monochromatic light through a spectrum of wavelengths. The grating drive system is an electrically driven mechanical oscillator which utilizes the back EMF of the oscillator motor to maintain oscillation at the desired amplitude and frequency. A passive optical shutter mounted to the grating alternately blocks the light entering and exiting the monochrometer as the grating is oscillated. The resultant dark period is utilized by the system to provide a reference offset value and to control cooling of the detectors. A unique phase-locked loop circuit is employed to provide sample commands at precisely determined intervals to correctly correlate the spectral data with the output of the monochrometer. Source and exit optics are employed to optimally shape the light passing through the system. A unique detection head is provided to allow measurement of light transmission or reflectance with only slight modification of the system. An optical fiber is used to divert light from the beam at or near the sample. This light is electronically detected and the electronic detection signal is used to adjust the gain of the sample signal so as to compensate for atmospheric bands, temporal variations, and system response. This provides a true double (dual) beam operation.

Abstract translation: 一种用于对样品的反射率或透射率进行快速，准确的光谱分析的电光系统。 凹入的全息衍射光栅以高速振荡，以提供通过一系列波长的单色光的快速扫描。 光栅驱动系统是电驱动的机械振荡器，其利用振荡器电动机的反电动势将振荡保持在期望的幅度和频率。 安装到光栅的无源光学快门在光栅振荡时交替地阻挡进入和离开单色仪的光。 所产生的暗周期被系统利用以提供参考偏移值并且控制检测器的冷却。 采用独特的锁相环电路以精确确定的间隔提供采样命令，以使光谱数据与单色仪的输出正确相关。 采用光源和出射光学器件来最佳地对穿过系统的光进行成形。 提供独特的检测头以允许仅对系统进行轻微修改来测量光透射或反射。 使用光纤来从样品中或附近的光束转移光线。 该光被电子检测，电子检测信号用于调整采样信号的增益，以补偿大气带，时间变化和系统响应。 这提供了一个真正的双（双）光束操作。

公开(公告)号：US4455088A

公开(公告)日：1984-06-19

申请号：US347417

申请日：1982-02-10

Applicant: Masato Koike

Inventor： Masato Koike

IPC: G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/20

CPC classification number: G01J3/1838 ,  G01J3/189

Abstract: A constant deviation monochromator with a holographically formed concave grating and entrance and exit slits positioned on opposite sides of the plane including the Rowland circle of the grating, wherein the grating has been formed by using two coherent light sources positioned on the same side of the Rowland plane, whereby aberrations and stray light are substantially reduced.

Abstract translation: 具有全息形成的凹形光栅的恒定偏差单色仪和位于包括光栅的罗兰圆的平面的相对侧上的入射和出射狭缝，其中通过使用位于罗兰的同一侧上的两个相干光源形成光栅 从而大大减少像差和杂散光。

公开(公告)号：US4068954A

公开(公告)日：1978-01-17

申请号：US647767

申请日：1976-01-09

Applicant: Edouard Da Silva

Inventor： Edouard Da Silva

IPC: G01J3/18

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0243 ,  G01J3/1838 ,  G01J3/189

Abstract: A monochromator having a concave holographic grating which is turnable in rotation and provided with an inlet slot parallel to the lines of the grating for incident light and an outlet slot also parallel to the lines of the grating, the inlet and outlet slots being disposed on opposite sides of a diametrial median plane P of the grating extending perpendicular to the lines of the grating and passing through the center of the grating. The bisector of the angle A, formed by two lines connecting the center of each slot to the center of the grating is contained in the plane P, the slots being additionally disposed such that the projection .alpha. of the angle A on the plane P is .ltoreq. 3.degree. and the projection .beta. of the angle A on the plane P' containing the bisector and perpendicular to the plane P is .ltoreq. 15.degree.. Two elementary monochromators can be connected in series and the gratings of the elementary monochromators are carried by a common rotation shaft, the image of the outlet slot of one elementary monochromator being sent to the inlet slot of the following monochromator by an optical system composed of planar mirrors, and a spherical mirror extending parallel to the gratings and turnable around an axis parallel to the axis of the shaft. SUFIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe invention relates to a monochromator having slots and a concave holographic grating, and more particularly, by way of example, to a monochromator adapted to the study of RAMAN spectrums. The invention is also related to apparatus realized by the coupling of a plurality of monochromators of this type.BACKGROUNDThere are known optical monochromators having a grating which for example have described on pages 78 to 81 in, "Applied Optics and Optical Engineering," by Robert J. Meltzer, edited in 1969 by Rudolf Kingslake. The grating monochromators at first utilized a planar grating which necessitated the use of a collimator and an objective. These optical auxiliary members introduce aberrations which generate errors and these have been remedied by the use of concave grating which eliminate the objective and the collimator. The concave gratings, usually engraved, are astigmatic and this deficiency has been recently overcome by the use of concave holographic gratings which reduce the aberrations, notably when they are utilized at optimum angles. These diffraction gratings are manufactured, in particular, by the SOCIETY INSTRUMENTS. S.A., at Longjumeau, France. This society has edited a technical brochure which discloses holographic gratings and the physics of diffraction gratings.These documents which well illustrate the current state of the art, show that in such known monochromators the inlet and outlet slots are disposed parallel to the lines of the grating and the center of each slot is in a diametral, median plane P of the surface of the grating. The diametal plane itself is perpendicular to the lines of the grating. FIG. 1 shows in very simplified manner this state of the art. Therein in frontal view there is seen a concave grating 31 whose diametral median plane P perpendicular to the lines of the grating, is represented by phantom line 32. The light to be analyzed is passed through the inlet slot 33, and the monochromatic light which is sought is isolated by the outlet slot 34. It is seen that the slots 33 and 34 are each symetrically disposed with respect to the plane P, and the lateral spacing between these slots is relatively substantial. The inlet and outlet slots are fixed and the grating is turnably mounted to selectively make the outlet slot face the portion of the spectrum that one wishes to utilize. It can, therefore, frequently occur unexpectedly that a portion of the spectrum spreads itself to the zone of the inlet slot, thus introducing parasitic light into the system. This disadvantage is not very serious for monochromators operating with sources of relatively great luminosity, but in contrast it becomes a very substantial disadvantage when one operates with RAMAN spectrums. The very low intensities of these rays requires the elimination of all parasitic light and it is also for this reason that monochromators having concave, holographic gratings are utilized which operate under good conditions without the ue of auxiliary optical elements for collimation and for focusing.It is also known in the case of conventional monochromators of the type of FIG. 1 that with a relatively substantial angle of deviation between the mean incident ray passing through the center of the slot and the peak of the grating, and the mean diffracted ray issuing from the peak of the grating and passing through the center of the outlet slot that the quality of the formed spectral image is a maximum in the vicinity of the diametral plane. Similarly, the quality of the spectral image is best if the entry slot only extends slightly on opposite sides of the median plane. For a good quality of image, one seeks, therefore, generally, to utilize inlet and outlet slots of short lengths. This is not a disadavantage when the luminosity is great, but for the study of RAMAN spectrums, having low energy, one is obliged to utilize relatively long slots and the images of the extremities present aberrations resulting in a loss of resolution of the apparatus.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONAn object of the present invention is to provide a monochromator which simultaneously permits the use of long slots with good image qualities and avoids the introduction of parasitic light due to the spreading out of the spectrum to the inlet slot.According to the invention, in a monochromator having a concave, holographic grating orientable in rotation and provided with an inlet slot parallel to the lines of the grating for the incident light, and an outlet slot also parallel to the lines of the grating, the inlet and outlet slots are each disposed entirely on opposite sides of the median. diametral plane P of the grating extending perpendicualr to the lines of the grating and passing through the peak or center of the grating, the bisector of the angle A, formed by lines connecting the center of each slot to the peak of the grating being contained in the plane P, the slots being additionally disposed such that the projection .alpha. of the angle A, on the plane P is .ltoreq. 3.degree. and the projection .beta. of the angle A on the plane P' passing through the bisector and perpendicular to the plane P is .ltoreq.15.degree..

Abstract translation: G。