公开(公告)号：US06380685B2

公开(公告)日：2002-04-30

申请号：US09754388

申请日：2000-12-28

Applicant: Michael J. Patterson ,  Timothy R. Verhey ,  George C. Soulas

Inventor： Michael J. Patterson ,  Timothy R. Verhey ,  George C. Soulas

IPC: B07B312

CPC classification number: H01J37/32596 ,  H01J1/025

Abstract: The design and manufacturing processes for Hollow Cathode Assemblies (HCA's) that operate over a broad range of emission currents up to 30 Amperes, at low potentials, with lifetimes in excess of 17,500 hours. The processes include contamination control procedures which cover hollow cathode component cleaning procedures, gas feed system designs and specifications, and hollow cathode activation and operating procedures to thereby produce cathode assemblies that have demonstrated stable and repeatable operating conditions, for both the discharge current and voltage. The HCA of this invention provides lifetimes of greater than 10,000 hours, and expected lifetimes of greater than 17,500 hours, whereas the present state-of-the-art is less than 500 hours at emission currents in excess of 1 Ampere. Stable operation is provided over a large range of operating emission currents, up to a 6:1 ratio, and this HCA can emit electron currents of up to 30 Amperes in magnitude to an external anode that simulates the current drawn to a space plasma, at voltages of less than 20 Volts.

Abstract translation: 空心阴极组件（HCA）的设计和制造过程，其工作范围广泛，发射电流高达30安培，电位低，寿命超过17,500小时。 这些方法包括污染控制程序，其涵盖空心阴极部件清洁程序，气体供给系统设计和规范，以及中空阴极活化和操作程序，从而产生对于放电电流和电压都已经证明稳定和可重复的操作条件的阴极组件。 本发明的HCA提供的寿命大于10,000小时，预期寿命大于17,500小时，而现有技术在超过1安培的发射电流下小于500小时。 在大范围的工作发射电流下提供稳定的操作，高达6：1的比例，并且该HCA能够向外部阳极发射高达30安培的电子电流，该外部阳极模拟吸入空间等离子体的电流， 电压小于20伏。

公开(公告)号：US6064156A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-16

申请号：US152407

申请日：1998-09-14

Applicant: Michael J. Patterson ,  Timothy R. R. Verhey ,  George C. Soulas

Inventor： Michael J. Patterson ,  Timothy R. R. Verhey ,  George C. Soulas

IPC: H01J1/02 ,  H01J27/02 ,  H05H1/24

CPC classification number: H01J37/32596 ,  H01J1/025

Abstract: The design and manufacturing processes for Hollow Cathode Assemblies (HCA that operate over a broad range of emission currents up to 30 Amperes, at low potentials, with lifetimes in excess of 17,500 hours. The processes include contamination control procedures which cover hollow cathode component cleaning procedures, gas feed system designs and specifications, and hollow cathode activation and operating procedures to thereby produce cathode assemblies that have demonstrated stable and repeatable operating conditions, for both the discharge current and voltage. The HCA of this invention provides lifetimes of greater than 10,000 hours, and expected lifetimes of greater than 17,500 hours, whereas the present state-of-the-art is less than 500 hours at emission currents in excess of 1 Ampere. Stable operation is provided over a large range of operating emission currents, up to a 6:1 ratio, and this HCA can emit electron currents of up to 30 Amperes in magnitude to an external anode that simulates the current drawn to a space plasma, at voltages of less than 20 Volts.

Abstract translation: 空心阴极组件（HCA）的设计和制造过程，其工作范围广泛，发射电流高达30安培，电位低，寿命超过17,500小时。 这些方法包括污染控制程序，其涵盖空心阴极部件清洁程序，气体供给系统设计和规范，以及中空阴极活化和操作程序，从而产生对于放电电流和电压都已经证明稳定和可重复的操作条件的阴极组件。 本发明的HCA提供的寿命大于10,000小时，预期寿命大于17,500小时，而现有技术在超过1安培的发射电流下小于500小时。 在大范围的工作发射电流下提供稳定的操作，高达6：1的比例，并且该HCA可以向外部阳极发射高达30安培的电子电流，该外部阳极模拟吸入空间等离子体的电流， 电压小于20伏。

公开(公告)号：US09305733B2

公开(公告)日：2016-04-05

申请号：US14263970

申请日：2014-04-28

Applicant: COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH FOUNDATION

Inventor： Lauren P. Rand ,  John D. Williams ,  Rafael A. Martinez

IPC: H01J1/14 ,  H01J27/14 ,  H01J1/02 ,  H01J27/08

CPC classification number: H01J1/025 ,  F03H1/0068 ,  H01J1/14 ,  H01J27/08 ,  H01J27/146 ,  H01J2237/08

Abstract: The use of the electride form of 12CaO-7Al2O3, or C12A7, as a low work function electron emitter in a hollow cathode discharge apparatus is described. No heater is required to initiate operation of the present cathode, as is necessary for traditional hollow cathode devices. Because C12A7 has a fully oxidized lattice structure, exposure to oxygen does not degrade the electride. The electride was surrounded by a graphite liner since it was found that the C12A7 electride converts to it's eutectic (CA+C3A) form when heated (through natural hollow cathode operation) in a metal tube.

Abstract translation: 描述了在空心阴极放电装置中使用12CaO-7Al2O3或C12A7的电子形式作为低功函电子发射体。 根据传统的空心阴极器件的需要，不需要加热器来启动本阴极的操作。 因为C12A7具有完全氧化的晶格结构，所以暴露于氧气不会降低电极。 电极被石墨衬垫包围，因为发现当在金属管中加热（通过天然空心阴极操作）时，C12A7电致转变成它的共晶（CA + C3A）形式。

公开(公告)号：US07638937B2

公开(公告)日：2009-12-29

申请号：US11070100

申请日：2005-03-01

Applicant: J. Gary Eden ,  Sung-Jin Park ,  Clark J. Wagner

Inventor： J. Gary Eden ,  Sung-Jin Park ,  Clark J. Wagner

IPC: H01J63/04 ,  H01J61/09 ,  H01J13/46

CPC classification number: H01J17/49 ,  H01J1/025 ,  H01J9/00 ,  H01J9/02 ,  H01J25/50 ,  H01J61/09 ,  H01J61/305 ,  H01J61/62 ,  H01J63/04 ,  H01J65/046

Abstract: Roll to roll fabrication methods of the invention enable low cost mass production of microdischarge devices and arrays. A preferred embodiment method of fabricating a discharge device includes providing a dielectric layer sheet, a first electrode, and a second electrode sheet. A cavity is provided through at least a portion of the dielectric layer sheet. At least the dielectric layer sheet and second electrode sheet are rolled together. Another preferred embodiment method of fabrication a discharge device includes method of fabricating a discharge device includes providing a dielectric layer sheet and a cavity through at least a portion of the dielectric layer sheet. A first electrode is disposed as a film of conducting material on the dielectric layer sheet around a rim of the cavity. A second electrode sheet is provided. The dielectric layer sheet is rolled together with first electrode and second electrode sheets.

Abstract translation: 本发明的卷对卷制造方法能够实现微量放电装置和阵列的低成本批量生产。 制造放电装置的优选实施例的方法包括提供介电层片，第一电极和第二电极片。 通过介电层片材的至少一部分提供空腔。 至少将电介质层片和第二电极片卷成一体。 制造放电器件的另一个优选实施例的方法包括制造放电器件的方法包括通过至少一部分电介质层片提供介电层片和空腔。 第一电极作为导电材料的膜设置在该空腔的边缘周围的介电层片上。 提供第二电极片。 介电层片与第一电极和第二电极片一起卷绕。

公开(公告)号：US20090226752A1

公开(公告)日：2009-09-10

申请号：US12094033

申请日：2006-11-17

Applicant: David Steven Barratt ,  Derek John Holden

Inventor： David Steven Barratt ,  Derek John Holden

IPC: H01J61/09 ,  H01R43/16

CPC classification number: H01J61/09 ,  H01J1/025 ,  H01J9/02 ,  H01J9/022 ,  H01J61/06 ,  Y10T29/49204 ,  Y10T428/12354

Abstract: There are provided electrode components (1) comprising an open ended tube and a plug and electrodes and electrical apparatus comprising the same. Also provided are methods of forming electrode components.

Abstract translation: 提供了包括开口管和插头的电极部件（1）和包括该端子的电极和电气设备。 还提供了形成电极组件的方法。

公开(公告)号：US07183564B2

公开(公告)日：2007-02-27

申请号：US10915834

申请日：2004-08-11

Applicant: Christoph Schulteiss ,  Lothar-Heinz-Otto Buth

Inventor： Christoph Schulteiss ,  Lothar-Heinz-Otto Buth

IPC: H01J17/26 ,  H01J61/28 ,  H05H9/00

CPC classification number: H01J3/025 ,  H01J1/025 ,  H05H1/52

Abstract: In a channel spark source triggered by gas discharge for generating a stable focused electron beam, a gas supply for a hollow cathode thereof is provided which generates in the hollow cathode a pressure differential so that the multiplication of charge carriers in a trigger plasma of a trigger plasma source connected to the hollow cathode provides for a reliable gas discharge and the formation of a stable electron beam which exits the arrangement and which does not damage the internal passages of the arrangement.

Abstract translation: 在由用于产生稳定的聚焦电子束的气体放电触发的通道火花源中，提供了用于其空心阴极的气体供应，其在中空阴极中产生压差，使得触发器的触发等离子体中的载流子的乘法 连接到空心阴极的等离子体源提供可靠的气体放电和形成稳定的电子束，其离开该装置并且不会损坏该装置的内部通道。

公开(公告)号：US07126266B2

公开(公告)日：2006-10-24

申请号：US10891417

申请日：2004-07-14

Applicant: Sung-Jin Park ,  J. Gary Eden ,  Kyung-Ho Park

Inventor： Sung-Jin Park ,  J. Gary Eden ,  Kyung-Ho Park

IPC: H01J1/62

CPC classification number: H01J1/025 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01J3/025 ,  H01J17/066 ,  H01J63/02 ,  H01J2201/30469 ,  H01J2217/49

Abstract: Field emission nanostructures assist operation of a microdischarge device. The field emission nanostructures are integrated into the microdischarge device(s) or are situated near an electrode of the microdischarge device(s). The field emission nanostructures reduce operating and ignition voltages compared to otherwise identical devices lacking the field emission nanostructures, while also increasing the radiative output of the microdischarge device(s).

Abstract translation: 场发射纳米结构有助于微放电器件的工作。 场发射纳米结构集成到微放电器件中或位于微放电器件的电极附近。 与其他相同的缺少场发射纳米结构的器件相比，场致发射纳米结构降低了操作和点火电压，同时也增加了微放电器件的辐射输出。

公开(公告)号：US06829920B1

公开(公告)日：2004-12-14

申请号：US10216681

申请日：2002-08-08

Applicant: Michael J. Patterson ,  Timothy R. Verhey ,  George C. Soulas

Inventor： Michael J. Patterson ,  Timothy R. Verhey ,  George C. Soulas

IPC: G01N3700

CPC classification number: H01J37/32596 ,  H01J1/025

Abstract: A process for testing an impregnated insert of a Hollow Cathode Assembly (HCA) subsequent to every exposure of the HCA to air, and prior to ignition, using a heater and an oil-free assembly having a base pressure of less than 5.0×10−6 torr. The process comprises the steps of: installing the HCA in a vacuum; energizing the heater to a particular current level; de-energizing the heater after one-half hour; again energizing the heater to a particular current level; and de-energizing the heater for at least one-half hour.

Abstract translation: 在HCA暴露于空气之后并且在点燃之前，使用基础压力小于5.0×10 -3的加热器和无油组件，测试中空阴极组件（HCA）的浸渍插入件的方法。 6> torr。 该方法包括以下步骤：在真空中安装HCA; 将加热器通电到特定的电流水平; 半小时后将加热器断电; 再次将加热器通电到特定的电流水平; 并将加热器断电至少半小时。

公开(公告)号：US06539818B1

公开(公告)日：2003-04-01

申请号：US10081001

申请日：2002-02-19

Applicant: Michael J. Patterson ,  Timothy R. R. Verhey ,  George C. Soulas

Inventor： Michael J. Patterson ,  Timothy R. R. Verhey ,  George C. Soulas

IPC: G01N1900

CPC classification number: H01J37/32596 ,  H01J1/025

Abstract: A process for testing compaction of a swaged heater for an anode sub-assembly of a Hollow Cathode Assembly (HCA), in which a test sample is cleaned, its mass measured before and after immersion in kerosene for 24 hours, and a compaction percentage calculated. A swaged heater is rejected if the compaction percentage exceeds 84%, plus or minus 4%.

Abstract translation: 用于测试中空阴极组件（HCA）的阳极子组件的冲压加热器的压实方法，其中清洗测试样品，在浸入煤油中之前和之后测量其质量24小时，并计算压实百分比 。 如果压实百分比超过84％，加或减4％，则模锻加热器被拒绝。

公开(公告)号：US20020036461A1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-28

申请号：US09999109

申请日：2001-10-31

Applicant: Osram Sylvania Inc.

Inventor： Karl H. Schoenbach ,  Wojciech W. Byszewski ,  Frank E. Peterkin ,  Amin N. Dharami

IPC: H01J001/62

CPC classification number: H01J3/025 ,  H01J1/025 ,  H01J3/04 ,  H01J17/04 ,  H01J17/06 ,  H01J27/08 ,  H01J61/067 ,  H01J61/09 ,  H01J61/12 ,  H01J61/305 ,  H01J61/66 ,  H01J61/72 ,  H01J61/78 ,  H01S3/03 ,  H01S3/0382 ,  H01S3/0385 ,  H01S3/2383

Abstract: A discharge device for operation in a gas at a prescribed pressure includes a cathode having a plurality of micro hollows therein, and an anode spaced from the cathode. Each of the micro hollows has dimensions selected to produce a micro hollow discharge at the prescribed pressure. Preferably, each of the micro hollows has a cross-sectional dimension that is on the order of the mean free path of electrons in the gas. Electrical energy is coupled to the cathode and the anode at a voltage and current for producing micro hollow discharges in each of the micro hollows in the cathode. The discharge device may include a discharge chamber for maintaining the prescribed pressure. A dielectric layer may be disposed on the cathode when the spacing between the cathode and the anode is greater than about the mean free path of electrons in the gas. Applications of the discharge device include fluorescent lamps, excimer lamps, flat fluorescent light sources, miniature gas lasers, electron sources and ion sources.