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    Preparation of detergent oil-additive graft copolymers by delayed addition of nitrogen-containing comonomer to a partially polymerized long chain alkyl or vinyl ester and product obtained thereby
    33.
    发明授权
    Preparation of detergent oil-additive graft copolymers by delayed addition of nitrogen-containing comonomer to a partially polymerized long chain alkyl or vinyl ester and product obtained thereby 失效
    通过将含氮共聚单体延迟加入部分聚合的长链烷基或乙烯基酯和由此获得的产物来制备洗涤剂油 - 添加剂接枝共聚物

    公开(公告)号：US3067163A

    公开(公告)日：1962-12-04

    申请号：US73695658

    申请日：1958-05-22

    Applicant: ROHM & HAAS

    Inventor： NORMAN BAUER LA VERNE

    IPC: C08F20/62 ,  C08F22/00 ,  C08F220/18 ,  C08F291/00 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/22 ,  C10L1/24 ,  C10L1/26 ,  C10M149/02 ,  C10M159/00

    CPC classification number: C10M159/005 ,  C08F20/62 ,  C08F22/00 ,  C08F220/18 ,  C08F291/00 ,  C10L1/146 ,  C10L1/2362 ,  C10L1/2364 ,  C10L1/2366 ,  C10L1/2368 ,  C10L1/2468 ,  C10L1/2675 ,  C10M145/02 ,  C10M145/14 ,  C10M145/16 ,  C10M149/02 ,  C10M149/10 ,  C10M2203/06 ,  C10M2207/282 ,  C10M2207/34 ,  C10M2209/02 ,  C10M2209/084 ,  C10M2209/086 ,  C10M2215/042 ,  C10M2217/00 ,  C10M2217/02 ,  C10M2217/022 ,  C10M2217/023 ,  C10M2217/024 ,  C10M2217/026 ,  C10M2217/028 ,  C10M2217/04 ,  C10M2217/06 ,  C10M2219/10 ,  C10M2219/102 ,  C10M2219/104 ,  C10M2219/106 ,  C10M2221/00 ,  C10M2221/02 ,  C10M2223/04 ,  C10M2223/042 ,  C10M2223/045 ,  C10M2225/00 ,  C10M2225/02 ,  C10M2225/041 ,  C10N2210/02 ,  C10N2270/02 ,  C08F226/06

    Abstract: As additives to oils there are used copolymers made by a process which involves partially polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomeric material, adding a nitrogen-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer thereto, and then completing the polymerization, the monomer mixture being such as to provide an oil-soluble copolymer (see Group IV(a)). Oils specified are fuel oils, mineral lubricating oils, kerosenes and synthetic lubricants, e.g. esters of sebacic and phosphoric acid. As monomers for use in preparing the prepolymer there are specified esters of acrylic and substituted acrylic acids, esters of maleic, fumaric and itaconic acids, styrenes, unsaturated nitrites, ethers, thioethers and ketones and vinyl and vinylidene chlorides. Nitrogen-containing monomers specified are vinyl lactams, oxazolidones, unides, ureas and pyridines, aminoalkyl styrenes, acrylates, ethers and thioethers and unsaturated hydrazides.ALSO:Oil-soluble copolymers are obtained by: (A) forming a polymerizing mixture of (1) one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers and (2) a prepolymer derived from one or more monoethylenically unsaturated monomers and which is present in an amount of from 40 to 85% by weight of the combined weight of monomer and prepolymer, the mixture undergoing polymerization under the influence of a free-radical initiator, (B) adding to the polymerizing mixture at least one monoethylenically unsaturated nitrogenous monomer which contains a trivalent nitrogen atom bonded to at least two atoms at least one of which is carbon, and which is either an imide having non-terminal unsaturation or is a compound containing a terminal methylene group, and (C) continuing polymerization of the resulting mixture, the monomer mixture being such as to provide an oil-soluble copolymer containing nitrogenous monomer in an amount between about 1% and 30% by weight of the final copolymer. As monomers for forming the prepolymer there are listed alkyl acrylates, alkacrylates, phenacrylates and chloroacrylates, esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids in which the alcohol portion contains a hetero atom, e.g. oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur or phosphorus, vinyl esters of fatty acids, alkyl maleates, fumarates and itaconates, styrene, alkyl styrenes, p-chlorostyrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, vinyl ethers, vinyl thioethers, vinyl ketones and vinyl and vinylidene chlorides. Nitrogen containing monomers listed are N-vinyl lactams, N-vinyl oxazolidones, cyclic N-vinyl imides, N-vinyl ureas, N-vinyl carboxylic amides, N-acryloxy and N-methacryloxy lactams, N-acrylamido and N-methacrylamido lactams, N-alkyl acrylamides and methacrylamides, N-vinyl amines, vinyl pyridines, aminostyrenes, aminoalkyl vinyl ethers and thioethers, aminoalkyl acrylates and methacrylates, and unsaturated hydrazides. Free-radical initiators listed are azo compounds, peroxides, hydroperoxides, peresters and combinations of hydroperoxides and quaternary ammonium salts. Polymerization may be carried out in bulk or, preferably, in solution in an organic solvent. The examples describe the application of the above process to the following combinations of monomers: (1) cetyl-stearyl methacrylate, lauryl-myristyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate and N-vinyl pyrrolidinone; (2) stearyl methacrylate, styrene and N-vinyl pyrrolidinone; (3) vinyl stearate, vinyl-2-ethyl hexoate and N-vinyl pyrrolidinone; (4) vinyl stearate, dodecyl methacrylate and N-vinyl-5-methyl pyrrolidinone; (5) dilauryl fumarate, vinyl acetate and N-vinyl pyrrolidinone; (6) distearyl maleate and N-vinyl pyrrolidinone; (7) distearyl itaconate and N-vinyl pyrrolidinone; (8) cetyl-stearyl fumarate vinyl acetate and N-vinyl caprolactam; (9) lauryl-myristyl methacrylate and N-vinyl oxazolidone; (10) as in (9) but including also dimethaminoethyl methacrylate; (11) lauryl methacrylate and N-vinyl succinimide; (12) lauryl methacrylate and N-(8-methacryloxy-3,6-dioxaoctyl) pyrrolidinone; (13) lauryl methacrylate and N-n-butylacrylamide; (14) lauryl, stearyl, butyl and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylates; (15) lauryl and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylates and N-vinyl pyrrolidinone; (16) lauryl methacrylate and N-vinyl-N1-dimethylamino-ethylethyleneurea; (17) lauryl methacrylate and N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide; (18) lauryl methacrylate and 4-vinyl pyridine; (19) lauryl methacrylate and N-(2-methacryloxyethyl)-2-oxazolidone; (20) octyl methacrylate and 1-(2-methacryloxyethyl) - 2,4,4 - trimethylpyrrolidine; (21) lauryl methacrylate and diethylaminoethyl vinyl thioether; (22) dodecyl methacrylate and N-methacrylyl-N,N-dimethyl hydrazide; and (23) lauryl-myristyl methacrylate and N-methyl maleimide.ALSO:Ethylenically unsaturated nitrogen-containing compounds are prepared as follows:- (a) N-acryloxyalkyl or N-methacryloxyalkyl lactams are prepared by reacting N-hydroxyalkyl lactams with lower alkyl methacrylates or acryloyl or methacryloyl halides, e.g. N-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidinone and methyl methacrylate are heated in the presence of sodium methoxide to produce N-(2-methacryloxyethyl)pyrolidinone; (b) N-acrylamidoalkyl or N-methacrylamidoalkyl lactams are prepared by reacting acryloyl and methacryloyl halides with N-(aminoalkyl) lactams, e.g. methacryloyl chloride and N-2-aminoethyl-3,5.5-trimethylpyrrolidinone are heated together in the presence of sodium carbonate to produce 2-methacrylamidoethyl- 3,5.5-trimethyl pyrrolidinone; (c) N-acryloyl or N-methacryloyl pyrrolidinones are prepared by reacting pyrrolidinone with acryloyl or methacryloyl halides; (d) 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)- 2,4,4-trimethylpyrrolidine is reacted with methyl methacrylate in the presence of sodium methoxide to produce 1-(2-methacryloxyethyl)- 2,4,4-trimethylpyrrolidine.

    Modification of liquid hydrocarbons
    38.
    发明授权
    Modification of liquid hydrocarbons 失效
    液态烃的改性

    公开(公告)号：US4543105A

    公开(公告)日：1985-09-24

    申请号：US534120

    申请日：1983-09-20

    Applicant: John S. Roberts ,  Frederick A. Waite

    Inventor： John S. Roberts ,  Frederick A. Waite

    IPC: C08F6/22 ,  C10L1/196 ,  C10L1/197 ,  C10L1/236 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/22

    CPC classification number: C10L1/1963 ,  C08F6/22 ,  C10L1/1973 ,  C10L1/2362

    Abstract: Improved rate of dissolution in liquid hydrocarbon fuels, of specified tert-butylstyrene copolymers capable of imparting anti-misting characteristics to the fuel, is obtained when the copolymer, following its production by aqueous emulsion polymerization of the monomers, is isolated from the resulting latex by a process of flocculation, separation, washing and drying at moderate temperatures. The copolymer thus isolated is advantageously incorporated in the liquid fuel in the form of a slurry with a hydroxylic liquid and an amine.

    Abstract translation: 当通过单体的水乳液聚合制备之后，共聚物在所得胶乳中被分离时，可以获得在能够赋予燃料赋予防雾特性的特定的叔丁基苯乙烯共聚物的液体烃燃料中提高的溶解速率。 在中等温度下絮凝，分离，洗涤和干燥的过程。 如此分离的共聚物有利地以与羟基液体和胺的淤浆形式结合在液体燃料中。

    Antimisting additives for aviation fuels
    40.
    发明授权
    Antimisting additives for aviation fuels 失效
    航空燃料反添加剂

    公开(公告)号：US4396398A

    公开(公告)日：1983-08-02

    申请号：US305736

    申请日：1981-09-25

    Applicant: John Knight

    Inventor： John Knight

    IPC: C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/16 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/22

    CPC classification number: C10L1/143 ,  C10L1/165 ,  C10L1/1881 ,  C10L1/1963 ,  C10L1/1973 ,  C10L1/2362

    Abstract: A method for dissolving in a liquid, mainly aliphatic, hydrocarbon fuel having a flash point not less than 90.degree. F. an additive comprising:(a) a specified polymer;(b) a specified hydroxylic carrier liquid for the polymer;(c) a specified amine;the concentration of the polymer in the fuel being in the inclusive range from 0.05% to 1% by weight, wherein the improvement comprises additionally adding to the fuel an additional component comprising one or more compounds selected from the following to improve dissolution of the additive in the fuel:(i) water: to an extent of from 0.1% to 1.25% by weight of the additive plus the additional component;(ii) glycerol: to an extent of from 0.1% to 1.25% by weight of the additive plus the additional component;(iii) ethylene glycol: to an extent of from 0.1% to 2% by weight of the additive plus the additional component; and(iv) carboxylic acid, preferably formic or acetic acid, to an extent of from 10% to 200% molar equivalent of the amount of amine present.

    Abstract translation: 一种溶解在液体中的方法，主要是具有闪点不低于90°F的脂肪族烃燃料。添加剂包括：（a）特定的聚合物; （b）聚合物的特定羟基载体液体; （c）指定的胺; 燃料中聚合物的浓度在0.05％至1％（重量）的范围内，其中改进包括另外向燃料中添加包含一种或多种选自以下的化合物的附加组分，以改善添加剂的溶解度 燃料：（i）水：添加剂加上附加组分的0.1〜1.25重量％的程度; （ii）甘油：按添加剂加上附加成分重量计0.1至1.25％的程度; （iii）乙二醇：添加剂加上附加组分的重量的0.1％-2％的程度; 和（iv）羧酸，优选甲酸或乙酸，其摩尔当量相对于存在的胺的量为10％至200％。

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