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公开(公告)号：US20080174763A1
公开(公告)日：2008-07-24
申请号：US11961456
申请日：2007-12-20
Applicant: Peter Ehbets , Adrian Kohlbrenner
Inventor： Peter Ehbets , Adrian Kohlbrenner
CPC classification number: G01J3/02 , G01J3/0208 , G01J3/0213 , G01J3/024 , G01J3/027 , G01J3/0278 , G01J3/50 , G01J3/501 , H04N1/00005 , H04N1/00015 , H04N1/00023 , H04N1/00045 , H04N1/00047 , H04N1/0005 , H04N1/00058
Abstract: A scanner device includes a support surface for the measured object and a drive unit for moving a color measuring head across the support surface in at least one dimension thereof and for adjusting the height of the color measuring head in the direction perpendicular to the support surface, as well as a measuring and drive control unit activating the drive unit and cooperating with the color measuring head (MH). The color measuring head (MH) is equipped with at least an illuminating channel (IC) and a collection channel (CC). The illuminating channel (IC) has a light source (10) and optical means (12-22) for illuminating the measured object (S) at a measurement site at a mean angle of incidence of 45 E. The collection channel (CC) has optical means (24-34) for capturing the light emanating from the measured object at the measurement site at a mean collection angle of 0 E and coupling it into a light guide (LF), which directs the captured measurement light to a wavelength-selective photoelectric transformer preferably provided in the form of a spectrometer, which resolves it into a number of wavelength ranges and generates an electric measurement signal corresponding to each wavelength range. The color measuring head is suitable for taking high-precision measurements of even the smallest measurement fields without contact.
Abstract translation: 扫描仪装置包括用于测量对象的支撑表面和用于在测量头的至少一个尺寸上跨过支撑表面移动测色头并用于在垂直于支撑表面的方向上调节测色头的高度的驱动单元， 以及启动驱动单元并与彩色测量头（MH）配合的测量和驱动控制单元。 彩色测量头（MH）至少配备有照明通道（IC）和收集通道（CC）。 照明通道（IC）具有光源（10）和光学装置（12-22），用于以平均入射角45°在测量部位照射测量对象（S）。收集通道（CC）具有 光学装置（24-34），用于以0E的平均收集角度捕获从测量部位发射的光的光，并将其耦合到导光体（LF）中，导光体将捕获的测量光引导到波长选择性 光电变压器优选以光谱仪的形式提供，其将其分解成多个波长范围，并产生对应于每个波长范围的电测量信号。 彩色测量头适用于即使是最小测量领域也不接触的高精度测量。
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42.发明授权Method of characterizing fluorescent molecules or other particles using generating functions 有权使用生成函数表征荧光分子或其他颗粒的方法公开(公告)号：US06927401B1
公开(公告)日：2005-08-09
申请号：US09869581
申请日：2000-04-29
Applicant: Kaupo Palo
Inventor： Kaupo Palo
CPC classification number: G01J3/4406 , G01J3/457 , G01J2003/2866 , G01N21/6408 , G01N21/6458 , G01N2021/6421 , G01N2021/6463
Abstract: A method for characterizing fluorescent molecules or other particles in samples comprising the steps of: a) monitoring fluctuating intensity of fluorescence emitted by the molecules or other particles in at least one measurement volume of a non-uniform spatial brightness profile by measuring numbers of photon counts in primary time intervals by a single or more photon detectors, b) determining at least one distribution of numbers of photon counts, {circumflex over (P)}(n), from the measured numbers of photon counts, c) determining physical quantities characteristic to said particles by fitting the distribution of numbers of photon counts {circumflex over (P)}(n), wherein the fitting procedure involves calculation of a theoretical distribution function of the number of photon counts P(n) through its generating function, defined as G ( ξ → ) = ∑ n ξ → n P ( n ) .
Abstract translation: 用于表征样品中的荧光分子或其他颗粒的方法，包括以下步骤：a）通过测量光子计数来监测在非均匀空间亮度分布的至少一个测量体积中由分子或其它颗粒发射的荧光的波动强度 通过单个或多个光子检测器在主要时间间隔中，b）从所测量的光子计数中确定光子计数数目P（n）的至少一个分布，c）通过拟合所述粒子的特征来确定所述粒子的特征量 光子计数P（n）的分布，其中拟合过程包括通过其生成函数计算光子计数数P（n）的理论分布函数，定义为
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43.发明申请Photopolarimeters and spectrophotopolarimaters with multiple diffraction gratings 失效具有多个衍射光栅的光电极和分光光度计公开(公告)号：US20050018189A1
公开(公告)日：2005-01-27
申请号：US10504796
申请日：2003-02-13
Applicant: D. Hampton , Shankar Krishnan , James Rix
Inventor： D. Hampton , Shankar Krishnan , James Rix
Abstract: In a device for measuring the complete polarization state of light over a spectral bandwidth, an optical input signal (41) with wavelengths of light within a spectral band is incident on two or more diffraction gratings (42, 44, 46, 48), or incident from at least two directions on one or more diffraction gratings (72, 74), and the intensity is measured as a function of wavelength for at least four of the diffraction spectra produced by the grating(s). The polarization state of light is then calculated as a function of wavelength over the spectral bandwidth from the intensity measurements.
Abstract translation: 在用于在光谱带宽上测量光的完全偏振状态的装置中，光谱波段内的波长的光输入信号（41）入射到两个或更多个衍射光栅（42,44,46,48）上，或 在一个或多个衍射光栅（72,74）上从至少两个方向入射，并且对于由光栅产生的至少四个衍射光谱，测量强度作为波长的函数。 然后，根据强度测量，光的偏振状态被计算为光谱带宽上的波长的函数。
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公开(公告)号：US06134012A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-17
申请号：US345560
申请日：1999-06-30
Applicant: David E. Aspnes , Jon Opsal
Inventor： David E. Aspnes , Jon Opsal
CPC classification number: G01J3/02 , G01J3/0229 , G01J3/0232 , G01N21/211 , G01N2021/213
Abstract: An ellipsometer, and a method of ellipsometry, for analyzing a sample using a broad range of wavelengths, includes a light source for generating a beam of polychromatic light having a range of wavelengths of light for interacting with the sample. A polarizer polarizes the light beam before the light beam interacts with the sample. A rotating compensator induces phase retardations of a polarization state of the light beam wherein the range of wavelengths and the compensator are selected such that at least a first phase retardation value is induced that is within a primary range of effective retardations of substantially 135.degree. to 225.degree., and at least a second phase retardation value is induced that is outside of the primary range. An analyzer interacts with the light beam after the light beam interacts with the sample. A detector measures the intensity of light after interacting with the analyzer as a function of compensator angle and of wavelength, preferably at all wavelengths simultaneously. A processor determines the polarization state of the beam as it impinges the analyzer from the light intensities measured by the detector.
Abstract translation: 用于使用宽波长范围分析样品的椭偏仪的椭偏仪和椭偏仪的方法包括用于产生具有用于与样品相互作用的光波长范围的多色光束的光源。 在光束与样品相互作用之前，偏振器使光束偏振。 旋转补偿器引起光束的偏振状态的相位延迟，其中波长范围和补偿器被选择为使得至少第一相位延迟值被诱导为在大约135°至225°的有效延迟的主要范围内 DEG，并且诱导超出初级范围的至少第二相延迟值。 在光束与样品相互作用后，分析仪与光束相互作用。 检测器测量与分析仪相互作用后的光强度，作为补偿器角度和波长的函数，优选同时在所有波长处。 处理器确定当光束从由检测器测量的光强度撞击分析仪时的偏振状态。
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公开(公告)号：US6064510A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-16
申请号：US19480
申请日：1998-02-05
Applicant: Milton Gottlieb , Louis J. Denes
Inventor： Milton Gottlieb , Louis J. Denes
CPC classification number: G01J3/2823 , G01J3/447
Abstract: An electronically agile spectro-polarimetric imager is described in which an acousto-optic tunable spectral filter (AOTF) is located in series with an electronically tunable optical phase modulation plate such that incident radiation will pass through the modulation plate and the AOTF in sequence. This system makes it possible to perform both spectral analysis, complex polarization analysis and object discrimination at video-rates of incident radiation from complex target scenes according to the spectral content and polarization state of the radiation reflected or emitted from the objects within the scene, regardless of the polarization state of the incident radiation. Embodiments for analyzing incident radiation of various wavelengths are provided.
Abstract translation: 描述了一种电子敏捷光谱偏振成像器，其中声光可调谐光谱滤波器（AOTF）与电子可调光学相位调制板串联设置，使得入射辐射将依次通过调制板和AOTF。 该系统使得可以根据来自场景内的物体的反射或发射的辐射的光谱含量和偏振态来执行复杂目标场景的入射辐射的视频速率下的光谱分析，复极化分析和物体鉴别，不管 的入射辐射的偏振状态。 提供了用于分析各种波长的入射辐射的实施例。
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Patent Agency Ranking46.发明授权Optical path switching based differential absorption radiometry for substance detection 失效用于物质检测的基于光路切换的差分吸收辐射测量
公开(公告)号：US6057923A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-02
申请号：US290954
申请日：1999-04-13
Applicant: Glen W. Sachse
Inventor： Glen W. Sachse
CPC classification number: G01J3/08 , G01N21/314 , G01N21/3518
Abstract: A system and method are provided for detecting one or more substances. An optical path switch divides sample path radiation into a time series of alternating first polarized components and second polarized components. The first polarized components are transmitted along a first optical path and the second polarized components along a second optical path. A first gasless optical filter train filters the first polarized components to isolate at least a first wavelength band thereby generating first filtered radiation. A second gasless optical filter train filters the second polarized components to isolate at least a second wavelength band thereby generating second filtered radiation. The first wavelength band and second wavelength band are unique. Further, spectral absorption of a substance of interest is different at the first wavelength band as compared to the second wavelength band. A beam combiner combines the first and second filtered radiation to form a combined beam of radiation. A detector is disposed to monitor magnitude of at least a portion of the combined beam alternately at the first wavelength band and the second wavelength band as an indication of the concentration of the substance in the sample path.
Abstract translation: 提供了用于检测一种或多种物质的系统和方法。 光路开关将采样路径辐射分为交替的第一偏振分量和第二偏振分量的时间序列。 第一偏振分量沿着第一光路传播，第二偏振分量沿着第二光路传输。 第一无气体光学滤波器组对第一极化分量进行滤波以隔离至少第一波长带，从而产生第一滤波辐射。 第二无气体光学滤波器组对第二极化分量进行滤波以隔离至少第二波长带，从而产生第二滤波辐射。 第一波长带和第二波长带是唯一的。 此外，与第二波长带相比，感兴趣的物质的光谱吸收在第一波长带处不同。 光束组合器组合第一和第二滤波辐射以形成组合的辐射束。 检测器被设置为在第一波长带和第二波长带上交替地监测组合光束的至少一部分的大小作为样品路径中物质浓度的指示。
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47.发明授权DSP technique for photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) sample pulse response for depth profiling 失效DSP技术用于光声光谱（PAS）样品脉冲响应深度分析
公开(公告)号：US6043884A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-28
申请号：US123823
申请日：1998-07-28
Applicant: Raul Curbelo
Inventor： Raul Curbelo
CPC classification number: G01J3/447 , G01N21/1702
Abstract: A technique for extracting the impulse response of a sample of interest includes corresponding measurements made with the sample of interest and a reference sample. At each of a series of steps in an FT-IR spectrometer, the sample of interest is illuminated with an excitation pulse of infrared radiation, acoustic signals having a time dependence o.sub.S (t) arising from the excitation pulse are captured, and a Fourier transform O.sub.S of o.sub.S (t) is computed. At each of a series of steps in the FT-IR spectrometer, the reference sample is illuminated with an excitation pulse of analytic radiation, acoustic signals having a time dependence O.sub.R (t) arising from the excitation pulse are captured, and a Fourier transform O.sub.R of o.sub.R (t) is computed. For each step, an inverse Fourier transform of the ratio O.sub.S /O.sub.R is computed to provide a series of values s(t.sub.i) for a series of times t.sub.i. These values s(t.sub.i) represent the impulse response s(t) of the sample of interest for the mix of optical frequencies for that retardation value. Interferograms are processed to provide photoacoustic spectra.
Abstract translation: 用于提取感兴趣样本的脉冲响应的技术包括用感兴趣的样本和参考样本进行的相应测量。 在FT-IR光谱仪中的一系列步骤中，利用红外辐射的激发脉冲照射感兴趣的样品，捕获由激发脉冲产生的具有时间依赖性oS（t）的声学信号，并且进行傅立叶变换 计算oS（t）的OS。 在FT-IR光谱仪中的一系列步骤中，用分析辐射的激发脉冲照射参考样品，捕获由激发脉冲产生的具有时间依赖性OR（t）的声信号，并且傅立叶变换OR 计算oR（t）。 对于每个步骤，计算比率OS / OR的逆傅立叶变换以提供一系列时间ti的一系列值s（ti）。 这些值s（ti）表示用于该延迟值的光学频率混合的感兴趣样本的脉冲响应s（t）。 处理干涉图以提供光声谱。
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公开(公告)号：US6025917A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-15
申请号：US68087
申请日：1998-05-01
Applicant: Shuji Toyonaga , Masahisa Shiroshita , Takayuki Suga , Yoshitaro Nakano
Inventor： Shuji Toyonaga , Masahisa Shiroshita , Takayuki Suga , Yoshitaro Nakano
CPC classification number: G01N21/6445 , G01J3/4406 , G01J3/447 , G01J4/00 , G01N21/65
Abstract: Provided is a polarization characteristic measuring method and apparatus for accurately measuring a polarization characteristic of fluorescence or Raman-scattered light emitted when a sample is exposed to light. The sample is exposed to excitation light radiated from a pulsed excitation light source and converted to p-polarized light by polarizer and half-wave plate, and photodetectors measure an intensity I.sub.pp of a p-polarized component and an intensity I.sub.ps of an s-polarized component of fluorescence emitted from the sample under irradiation with the excitation light. In similar fashion, the sample is exposed to the excitation light of s-polarized light and the detectors measure an intensity I.sub.sp of a p-polarized component and an intensity I.sub.ss of an s-polarized component of fluorescence emitted from the sample under irradiation. From these measured values, G factor is calculated according to the following equation:G=[(I.sub.pp .multidot.I.sub.sp)/(I.sub.ps .multidot.I.sub.ss)].sup.1/2and polarization response correction is effected based on this G factor to obtain the polarization characteristic of fluorescence.
Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / JP97 / 03391 Sec。 371日期：1998年5月1日 102（e）日期1998年5月1日PCT 1997年9月24日PCT公布。 第WO98 / 13676号公报 日期1998年4月2日提供了一种用于精确测量样品曝光时发出的荧光或拉曼散射光的偏振特性的偏振特性测量方法和装置。 将样品暴露于从脉冲激发光源辐射的激发光，并通过偏振器和半波片转换成p偏振光，光电检测器测量p偏振分量的强度Ipp和s偏振的强度Ips 在用激发光照射下从样品发射的荧光的分量。 以类似的方式，将样品暴露于s偏振光的激发光，并且检测器测量p偏振分量的强度Isp和照射下从样品发射的荧光的s偏振分量的强度Iss。 根据这些测量值，根据以下等式计算G因子：G = [（IppxIsp）/（IpsxIss）] + E，fra 1/2 + EE，并且基于该G因子来实现极化响应校正以获得极化 荧光特性。
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49.发明授权Digital signal processing (DSP) techniques for FT-IR multiple modulation measurements using a photoelastic modulator 有权使用光弹性调制器的FT-IR多调制测量的数字信号处理（DSP）技术
公开(公告)号：US6025913A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-15
申请号：US130194
申请日：1998-08-05
Applicant: Raul Curbelo
Inventor： Raul Curbelo
IPC: G01B9/02 , G01J3/447 , G01J3/45 , G01J3/453 , G01N21/17 , G01N21/19 , G01N21/21 , G01N21/27 , G01N21/35
CPC classification number: G01N21/1702 , G01J3/447 , G01J3/453
Abstract: Digital signal proceessing (DSP) techiques for performing multiple modulation measurements with a polarization photoelastic modulator (PEM) in a step-scanning FT-IR spectrometer. The frequency and phase of the PEM drive signal are extracted from the digitized data collected for the actual measurement. This can then be used to perform the desired analysis of the polarization signals (e.g., CD,LD, DIRLD). This is accomplished by successively refining an initial estimate of the PEM frequency (typically starting at the nominal PEM frequency .omega..sub.0, or at the value determined from the previous step). This is done by using the current estimate of the PEM frequency to compute a phase error, and then using the computed phase error to refine the estimate of the PEM frequency. The phase errors are computed using different sets of samples in the sampling interval.
Abstract translation: 数字信号处理（DSP）技术，用于在步进扫描FT-IR光谱仪中用偏振光弹性调制器（PEM）进行多次调制测量。 从为实际测量收集的数字化数据中提取PEM驱动信号的频率和相位。 然后可以将其用于执行偏振信号（例如，CD，LD，DIRLD）的所需分析。 这是通过连续地改进PEM频率的初始估计（通常以标称PEM频率ω0开始，或以从前一步骤确定的值）来完成的。 这通过使用PEM频率的当前估计来计算相位误差来完成，然后使用计算出的相位误差来细化PEM频率的估计。 在采样间隔内使用不同的样本集来计算相位误差。
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50.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5917594A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-29
申请号：US57245
申请日：1998-04-08
Applicant: Adam E. Norton
Inventor： Adam E. Norton
CPC classification number: G01J3/02 , G01J3/0208 , G01J3/42 , G01N21/211 , G02B19/0028 , G02B19/0047 , G02B19/0095 , G01N21/47
Abstract: Achromatic optics may be employed in spectroscopic measurement systems. The achromatic optics comprises a spherical mirror receiving a beam of radiation in a direction away from its axis and a pair of lenses: a positive lens and a negative meniscus lens. The negative meniscus lens corrects for the spherical aberration caused by off-axis reflection from the spherical mirror. The positive lens compensates for the achromatic aberration introduced by the negative lens so that the optics, as a whole, is achromatic over visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. Preferably, the two lenses combined have zero power or close to zero power. By employing a spherical mirror, it is unnecessary to employ ellipsoidal or paraboloidal mirrors with artifacts of diamond turning which limit the size of the spot of the sample that can be measured in ellipsometry, reflectometry or scatterometry.
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