Abstract:
An electron emission device for generating and emitting spin-polarized electrons comprising: a first conducting material; a magnetic ultrathin film magnetically coupled to the first conducting material; an electrically insulative and magnetically permeable medium being located between the first conducting material and the magnetic ultrathin film; a second conducting material formed into a structure that emits electrons when impinged by an electric field and electrically coupled to the magnetic ultrathin film; and an anode, electrically coupled to the structure that emits electrons, for generating the electric field that impinges on the structure that emits electrons.
Abstract:
La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif d'injection d'électrons dans un tube électronique (1) qui comporte : un barreau (3) supraconducteur dont une première extrémité (31) débouche dans le tube (1), et des moyens d'alimentation électrique (4). Le barreau (3) joue le rôle d'une cathode. Deux anodes, principale (6) et secondaire (7), sont disposées dans le tube (1), respectivement là où sont recueillis les électrons, et là où débouche la première extrémité (31) du barreau (3). Les moyens d'alimentation électrique (4) assurent l'application de deux tensions, principale et secondaire. Des électrons sont accélérés le long du barreau (3) grâce aux deux tensions et acquièrent une énergie cinétique au moins égale à l'énergie d'extraction du supraconducteur, et sont ainsi éjectés hors du barreau (3).
Abstract:
@ In order to improve the stability of a cold cathode (5) of the reverse biased junction type, the vacuum space (2) is coupled with a reservoir (10), within which a source (21) of material reducing the work function, for example caesium, is present. By influencing the vapour pressure and the temperature in component parts (13, 16) of the reservoir (10) and in the source (21), loss of caesium due to adsorption or other phenomena occurring at the emitting surface (8) of the cathode (5) can be compensated for by an incident beam of caesium (25).
Abstract in simplified Chinese:一数据存储介质包含一基底及在一基底上形成之数据存储层。该数据存储层包含一固定数目之一磁性物质原子层,提供该数据存储层一与数据存储层表面垂直之磁各向异性。在数据存储层上产生一数据磁场。该数据磁场以一对应于一第一数据值之第一方向或以一对应于一第二数据值之第二方向极化。借由提供一具有一电子磁场之自旋极化电子以一对应于第一或第二数据值之极化方向在数据存储层上存储数据,以及导引自旋极化电子至数据磁场使电子磁场之极化方向与数据磁场之极化方向一致。从数据存储层读取数据是借由导引自旋极化电子至数据磁场以及侦测自旋极化电子被数据磁场所偏向或吸引来达成。或者,自数据存储层读取数据可借由导引自旋极化电子至数据磁场使磁性介质产生一次级电子,然后侦侧次级电子之某些特性来达成。
Abstract in simplified Chinese:一发射体设备包括一聚焦数组,聚焦数组具有多个聚焦管以将来自一或多个发射体的发射物聚焦在一靶材媒体上。靶材媒体与经聚焦发射物之间的相对运动可让各聚焦管将发射物聚焦在涵盖运动范围之靶材媒体的一区域上方。在一较佳实施例中,使用分离的发射体、聚焦数组及靶材媒体芯片。聚焦数组可能为可移式,或在一特佳实施例中固定至发射体芯片,在此例中,靶材媒体芯片为可移式或者聚焦数组包括束方向控制器。
Abstract in simplified Chinese:一具有一发射电子的电子源之电子枪系包括:一加速电极,其配置为面对电子源的一电子排放表面,且其使电子加速;一抽取电极,其配置于电子发射表面与加速电极之间,其具有一使中心位于光轴上且面对电子发射表面之球型凹形表面,且其自电子发射表面抽取一电子;及一抑制器电极,其相对于电子发射表面配置在与抽取电极相对之侧上,且其抑制来自电子源的一侧表面之电子发射。电子枪中,电场被施加至电子发射表面同时电子源在一不造成电子源的一材料升华之范围中被保持在一低温度,以造成电子源发射一热埸发射电子。
Abstract:
The present disclosure provides for various advantageous methods and apparatus of controlling electron emission. One of the broader forms of the present disclosure involves an electron emission element, comprising an electron emitter including an electron emission region disposed between a gate electrode and a cathode electrode. An anode is disposed above the electron emission region, and a voltage set is disposed above the anode. A first voltage applied between the gate electrode and the cathode electrode controls a quantity of electrons generated from the electron emission region. A second voltage applied to the anode extracts generated electrons. A third voltage applied to the voltage set controls a direction of electrons extracted through the anode.
Abstract:
Methods of marking paper products and marked paper products are provided. Some methods include irradiating the paper product to alter the functionalization of the paper.
Abstract:
Methods of marking paper products and marked paper products are provided. Some methods include irradiating the paper product to alter the functionalization of the paper.