Abstract:
There is disclosed a lithographic apparatus provided with a spectral purity filter which is provided in the projection system (PSW) and adjacent the substrate table (WT). The spectral purity filter is preferably a membrane (14) formed of polysilicon, a multilayer material, a carbon nanotube material or graphene. The membrane may be provided with a protective capping layer, and/or a thin metal transparent layer.
Abstract:
A method for thermally conditioning an optical element includes irradiating the optical element with radiation, not-irradiating the optical element with the radiation, allowing heat flow between the optical element and a conditioning fluid that is held in a conditioning fluid reservoir, and providing a fluid flow of the conditioning fluid, to supply thermally conditioned fluid to the reservoir. A flow rate of the fluid during the irradiating of the optical element is lower than a flow rate of the fluid when the optical element is not-irradiated.