Abstract:
Method for producing hydrogen cyanide through catalytic dehydration of gaseous formamide, wherein the dehydration of formamide is coupled with an exothermic reaction, in which the reactor used for dehydration comprises two separate fluid paths that are separated by a common reactor wall, wherein one fluid path is provided for the dehydration of formamide and the second fluid path is provided for the exothermic reaction.
Abstract:
A process for the production of mixed oxide particles comprising: (1) providing a dispersion comprising a disperse phase and a continuous phase, wherein the disperse phase comprises one or more precursor compounds of ceria, one or more precursor compounds of zirconia, and one or more precursor compounds of one or more rare earth oxides other than ceria and/or one or more precursor compounds of yttria; (2) forming an aerosol of the dispersion provided in step (1); and (3) pyrolyzing the aerosol of step (2) to obtain mixed oxide particles, as well as to mixed oxide particles obtainable from flame spray pyrolysis, and preferably obtainable by the process and to its use.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a single-stage method for the hydrogenating separation of lignin using a catalyst comprising a transition metal carbide, optionally in mixture with additional catalysts, comprising the following steps: (A) mixing the catalyst or the catalyst mixture with lignin in at least one organic solvent; (B) conversion of the mixture from (A) with hydrogen; (C) separation of the reaction products.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a process for preparing hydrocyanic acid by catalytic dehydration of gaseous formamide at temperatures of from 350 to 650 degrees C in a reactor, wherein the dehydration of formamide is coupled with an exothermic reaction by the reactor comprising two separate fluid paths which are separated by a common reactor wall, with one fluid path being provided for the dehydration of formamide and the second fluid path being provided for the exothermic reaction and the common reactor wall being made of a material having a specific thermal conductivity lambda of at least 10 W/(mK), wherein the exothermic reaction is a catalytic combustion of combustible gases with introduction of oxygen.
Abstract:
Producing vicinal dioxo compounds, which exhibit a boiling point of = to the reaction temperature at reaction pressure, comprises heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase oxidation of the corresponding vicinal dihydroxy compounds, which exhibit a boiling point of = to the reaction temperature at reaction pressure, in the presence of gases containing oxygen on a catalyst comprising silver as active component and optionally gold, at a reaction temperature of 200-450[deg] C and a reaction pressure of 0.01-1 MPa. Producing vicinal dioxo compounds, which exhibit a boiling point of = to the reaction temperature at reaction pressure, comprises heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase oxidation of the corresponding vicinal dihydroxy compounds, which exhibit a boiling point of = to the reaction temperature at reaction pressure, in the presence of gases containing oxygen on a catalyst comprising silver as active component and optionally gold, at a reaction temperature of 200-450[deg] C and a reaction pressure of 0.01-1 MPa, where the catalyst exhibits a fabric, a knitted fabric or a foil as substrate and exhibits a gold/silver mass ratio in the active components applied on the substrate of 0-25, and is obtained by vapor deposition of at least 10% of silver and optionally gold containing active components on the substrate from the gas phase.
Abstract:
Proceso para preparar ácido cianhídrico por deshidratación catalítica de formamida gaseosa, donde la deshidratación de la formamida se acopla con una reacción exotérmica por el reactor usado en la deshidratación que comprende dos caminos de fluidos separados los cuales están separados por una pared de reactor común, con una vía fluida que esta proporcionada por la deshidratación de la formamida y la segunda vía fluida que esta proporcionada por la reacción exotérmica. 1.- Un proceso para preparar el ácido cianhídrico por deshidratación catalítica de la formamida gaseosa a una temperatura de 350 a 650°C en un reactor, donde la deshidratación de la formamida esté acoplada con una reacción exotérmica por el reactor que comprende dos vías fluidas separadas que estén separadas por una pared de reactor común, con una vía fluida que este proporcionada por la deshidratación de la formamida y la segunda vía fluida este proporcionada por la reacción exotérmica y la pared del reactor común este hecha del material que tiene una conductividad normal especifica ? de al menos 10 W/mk). 2.- El proceso de acuerdo con la solicitud 1, donde la reacción exotérmica es una combustión catalítica de gas combustible con introducción de oxigeno. 3.- El proceso de acuerdo con la solicitud 2, donde el lado de la pared del reactor común que esté en contacto con el gas combustible tenga una cubierta activa catalíticamente. 4.- El proceso de acuerdo con la solicitud 2 o 3, donde la cubierta esté seleccionada del grupo que consta de metales nobles de los grupos 8B y 1B, aleaciones que comprenden metales de los grupos 8B y/o 1B, óxidos seleccionados de entre MgO, CoO, MoO3, NiO, ZnO, Cr2O3, WO3, SnO, CuO/Cu2O, MnO2 y V2O5, óxidos mezclados seleccionados de CuO-ZnO-Al2O3, CoO-MgO, CoO-La2O3, La2CuO4, Nd2CuO4 y Co-ZnONiO-MoO3, perovskitos seleccionados de entre LaMnO3, CoTiO3, LaTiO3, y CoNiO3 y espineles seleccionados de entre CuAI2O4, MgAI2O4, (Cu, Zn)Al2O4, (Cu, Zn, Ba)Al2O4, (Cu, Zn, Mg)Al2O2, (Cu, Zn, Va)Al2O4 y LaNiO4.
Abstract:
Provided are catalyst composites whose catalytic material is effective to substantially simultaneously oxidize carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons and reduce nitrogen oxides. The catalyst composites have a two-metal layer on a carrier, the two-metal layer comprising a rhodium component supported by a first support comprising a refractory metal oxide component or a first ceria-zirconia composite; a palladium component supported by a second support comprising a second ceria-zirconia composite; one or more of a promoter, stabilizer, or binder; wherein the amount of the total of the first and second ceria-zirconia composites in the two-metal layer is equal to or greater than the amount of the refractory metal oxide component. Methods of making and using the same are also provided.
Abstract:
compostos catalisadores automotivos com uma camada de dois metais. são fornecidos compostos catalisadores, cujo material catalítico é eficaz para substancialmente simultaneamente oxidar o monóxido de carbono e hidrocarbonetos e reduzir os óxidos de nitrogênio. os compostos catalisadores têm uma camada de dois metais em um transportador, a camada de dois metais compreendendo um componente de ródio suportado por um primeiro suporte que compreende um componente de óxido metálico refratário ou um primeiro composto de céria-zircônia; um componente de paládio suportado por um segundo suporte que compreende um segundo composto de céria-zircônia; um ou mais de um promotor, estabilizador ou ligante; em que a quantidade total do primeiro e do segundo compostos de céria-zircônia na camada de dois metais é igual ou maior do que a quantidade do componente de óxido metálico refratário. métodos para produzir e usar o mesmo também são fornecidos.
Abstract:
Provided are catalyst composites whose catalytic material is effective to substantially simultaneously oxidize carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons and reduce nitrogen oxides. The catalyst composites have a two-metal layer on a carrier, the two-metal layer comprising a rhodium component supported by a first support comprising a refractory metal oxide component or a first ceria-zirconia composite; a palladium component supported by a second support comprising a second ceria-zirconia composite; one or more of a promoter, stabilizer, or binder; wherein the amount of the total of the first and second ceria-zirconia composites in the two-metal layer is equal to or greater than the amount of the refractory metal oxide component. Methods of making and using the same are also provided.