Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing optionally akyl-substituted 1,4-butandiol by two-stage catalytic hydration in the gaseous phase of C4 dicarboxylic acids and/or the derivatives thereof with the steps of: a) introducing a gaseous flow of a C4 dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof at 200 to 300 °C and 2 to 60 bar in a first reactor and catalytic gas phase hydration to a mainly optionally alkyl-substituted gamma-butyrolactone containing product; b) introducing the product flow so obtained into a second reactor at a temperature of from 150 °C to 240 °C and a pressure of from 15 to 100 bar and catalytic gas phase hydration to optionally alkyl-substituted 1,4-butandiol; c) removing the desired product from the intermediates, byproducts and possibly not reacted educt; d) optionally returning non-reacted intermediates to one or both hydration stages, whereby in both hydration stages one catalyst each is used which comprises = 5 % by weight, preferably 5 to 95 % by weight, especially 20 to 90 % by weight of an oxidic carrier, the pressure prevailing in the second reactor is higher than in the first reactor, and the product mixture removed from the first reactor is introduced into the second reactor without further purifying it.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing alkylaryl sulfonates, the alkylaryl sulfonates obtained according to said method, alcohol mixtures and olefin mixtures obtained as intermediate products, alkylaromatic compounds obtained therefrom, the use of said alkylaryl sulfonates as surfactants, and detergents containing said surfactants.
Abstract:
The production of alkylaryl compounds comprises the following stages: a) reaction of a C4/C5 olefin mixture on a metathesis catalyst to produce a C 4-8 olefin mixture containing 2-pentene and the optional isolation of the C 4-8 olefin mixture; b) isolation of between 5 and 100 % of the 2-pentene obtained in step a) and subsequent reaction on an isomerisation catalyst to form a mixture of 2-pentene and 1-pentene, which is returned to stage a); c) dimerisation of the C 4-8 olefin mixture obtained in stage b) after the isolation process, to form a mixture containing C 8-16 olefins, isolation of the C 8-16 olefins and optional isolation of a partial stream of the latter; d) reaction of the C 8-16 olefin mixtures obtained in stage c) or the partial stream with an aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of an alkylation catalyst, to form alkyl aromatic compounds, whereby prior to the reaction an additional 0 to 60 wt. % linear olefins, in relation to the C 8-16 olefin mixtures obtained in stage c), can be added; e) optional sulphonation of the alkyl aromatic compounds obtained in stage d) and neutralisation to form alkylaryl sulphonates, whereby prior to the sulphonation an additional 0 to 60 wt. % linear alkyl benzols, in relation to the alkyl aromatic compounds obtained in stage d), can be added, provided that there were no admixtures in stage d); f) optional mixing of the alkylaryl sulphonates obtained in stage e) with between 0 and 60 wt. %, linear alkylaryl sulphonates, in relation to the alkylaryl sulphonates obtained in stage e), provided that there were no admixtures in stages d) and e).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a catalyst containing from 0.1 to 20 mass % rhenium and 0.05 to 10 mass % platinum in relation to the total mass thereof. The inventive method for producing a support for said catalyst consists in a) treating a support which can be eventually pre-treated with the aid of a solution of rhenium compound, b) drying and annealing said support at a temperature ranging from 80 to 600 DEG C, and c) impregnating the support with a solution of platinum compound and in drying it. The inventive method for producing alcohol by catalytic hydrogenation of carbonyl compound on said catalyst is also disclosed.
Abstract:
A process for the preparation of 2,5-dihydrofuran derivatives substituted in the 3- or 4-position, which in the 2- or in the 5-position or at both positions each carry a C 1 - to C 6 -alkoxy radical (DHF-alkoxy derivatives 1), or 1,1,4,4-tetraalkoxy-but-2-ene derivatives substituted in the 3- or 4-position, from 2-butene-1 ,4-diol derivatives of the general formula (I) in which the radicals R 1 and R 2 independently of one another are hydrogen, C 1 - to C 6 -alkyl, C 6 - to C 12 -aryl or C 5 - to C 12 -cycloalkylene or R 1 and R 2 , together with the double bond to which they are bonded, form a C 6 - to C 12 -aryl radical or a mono- or polyunsaturated C 5 - to C 12 -cycloalkyl radical, or from their mixture with 2,5-dihydrofuran derivatives substituted in the 3- position or 4-position, which in the 2- or in the 5-position carry a C 1 - to C 6 -alkoxy radical, by electro-chemical oxidation in the presence of a C 1 - to C 6 -monoalkyl alcohol.
Abstract:
The invention relates to methods for producing alkylaryl sulfonates by: a) reacting a C4-olefin mixture on a metathesis catalyst in order to produce a 2- pentene and/or an olefin mixture containing 3-hexene, and optionally separating out 2-pentene and/or 3-hexene; b) dimerizing the 2-pentene and/or 3- hexene obtained in step a) in the presence of a dimerization catalyst to for m a mixture containing C10-12-olefins and optionally separating out the C10-12 - olefins; c) reacting the C10-12-olefin mixtures obtained in step b) with an aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of an alkylation catalyst in order to form alkyl-aromatic compounds, whereby linear olefins can be additionally added before the reaction; d) sulfonating the alkyl-aromatic compounds obtained in step c) and neutralizing them in order to form alkylaryl sulfonates, whereby linear alkyl benzenes can be additionally added before t he sulfonation; e) optionally mixing the alkylaryl sulfonates obtained in step d) with linear alkylaryl sulfonates.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for preparing optically active 2-amino-, 2-chloro-, 2-hydroxy- or 2-alkoxy-1-alcohols by catalytically hydrogenating appropriate optically active 2-amino-, 2-chloro-, 2-hydroxy- and 2-alkoxycarboxylic acids or their acid derivatives in the presence of catalysts comprising palladium and rhenium or platinum and rhenium.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing optionally alkyl-substituted 1,4-butanediol by two-stage catalytic hydrogenation in the gas phase of C 4 -dicarboxylic acids and/or of derivatives thereof having the following steps: a) introducing a gas stream of a C 4 -dicarboxylic acid or of a derivative thereof at from 200 to 300° C. and from 10 to 100 bar into a first reactor or into a first reaction zone of a reactor and catalytically hydrogenating it in the gas phase to a product which contains mainly optionally alkyl-substituted gamma-butyrolactone; b) introducing the product stream obtained in this way into a second reactor or into a second reaction zone of a reactor at a temperature of from 140° C. to 260° C. and catalytically hydrogenating it in the gas phase to optionally alkyl-substituted 1,4-butanediol; steps a) and b) being carried out at the same pressure; c) removing the desired product from intermediates, by-products and any unconverted reactants; d) optionally recycling unconverted intermediates into one or both hydrogenation stages, said hydrogenation stages each using a catalyst which comprises =5% by weight, preferably from 5 to 95% by weight, in particular from 20 to 90% by weight, of an oxidic support, and the product mixture removed from the first hydrogenation stage being introduced without further purification into the second hydrogenation stage.