Abstract:
An absorption spectrometer which measures a gas component concentration in a measured gas and which operates via wavelength modulation spectroscopy, wherein the light wavelength of a wavelength-tunable light source is periodically varied over a gas component absorption line of interest and simultaneously sinusoidally modulated with a high frequency and a low amplitude signal, and wherein the measurement signal of a detector is demodulated in a phase-sensitive manner at the frequency and/or a harmonic of the frequency and further analyzed, where modulation starts in each period or each n-th period with the frequency in a time interval before the beginning of the time function and is performed with a higher amplitude than during the time function to demodulate the measurement signal in a phase-synchronous manner, where a device provided for the phase-sensitive demodulation is synchronized during the time interval such that a cable for transmitting synchronization signals is no longer necessary.
Abstract:
There is described an apparatus (2) for measuring an amount of an analyte in a mixture. In one example, the apparatus (2) has a laser source (6) for generating a frequency-modulated laser beam (22). A cavity (36) receives the frequency-modulated laser beam (22) and a photodetector (46) obtains an intensity signal indicative of an interaction between the frequency-modulated laser beam (22) and the mixture. The apparatus (2) has a first demodulator (76) for producing a first demodulation signal. A frequency locking arrangement uses the first demodulation signal to lock a carrier frequency of the frequency-modulated laser beam (22) and a mode of the cavity (36) to each other. The apparatus has a second demodulator (50) for producing a second demodulation signal and for generating, on the basis of the second demodulation signal, an output indicative of the amount of the analyte in the mixture. Other apparatus and methods are described.
Abstract:
The present invention discloses a flow cell optical detection system comprising a light source, a flow cell and a light detector, wherein the light detector is arranged in a separate detector unit that is arranged to be releasably attached to a detector interface, the detector interface being in optical communication with the light source and comprises optical connectors for optically connecting the flow cell and the detector unit in the light path from the light source, and wherein the flow cell is an interchangeable unit arranged to be held in position by the detector unit when attached to the detector interface.
Abstract:
An integrated swept wavelength optical source uses a filtered ASE signal with an optical amplifier and tracking filter. This source comprises a micro optical bench, a source for generating broadband light, a first tunable Fabry Perot filter, installed on the bench, for spectrally filtering the broadband light from the broadband source to generate a narrowband tunable signal, an amplifier, installed on the bench, for amplifying the tunable signal, and a second tunable Fabry Perot filter, installed on the bench, for spectrally filtering the amplified tunable signal from the amplifier. A self-tracking arrangement is also possible where a single tunable filter both generates the narrowband signal and spectrally filters the amplified signal. In some examples, two-stage amplification is provided. The use of a single bench implementation yields a low cost high performance system. For example, polarization control between components is no longer necessary.
Abstract:
An emission can be obtained from a sample in response to excitation using a specified range of excitation frequencies. Such excitation can include generating a specified chirped waveform and a specified downconversion local oscillator (LO) frequency using a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), upconverting the chirped waveform via mixing the chirped waveform with a specified upconversion LO frequency, frequency multiplying the upconverted chirped waveform to provide a chirped excitation signal for exciting the sample, receiving an emission from sample, the emission elicited at least in part by the chirped excitation signal, and downconverting the received emission via mixing the received emission with a signal based on the specified downconversion LO signal to provide a downconverted emission signal within the bandwidth of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The specified chirped waveform can include a first chirped waveform during a first duration, and a second chirped waveform during a second duration.
Abstract:
A camera concurrently produces an orthographic map and map spectral content. Illumination from an image passes through a phase modulator and the resulting rotating photo-flux phase is converted to an electrical signal by multiple adjacent sensors of detectors of array of detectors. The amount of unwanted illumination reaching the sensors is reduced by a set of baffles that shield and protect the transducers from unwanted out-of-field light and other light sources.
Abstract:
In this electric field vector detection method, an electro-optic crystal, where a (111) surface of an optical isotropic medium is cut out, is used as a terahertz wave detection element. The method includes: causing polarization of probe light of ultrashort pulsed light to be circular polarization; allowing the probe light having circular polarization to enter the terahertz wave detection element and probing the terahertz wave; modulating the probe light, having probed the terahertz wave, by a rotating analyzer and detecting the modulated probe light by a photodetector; performing lock-in detection of a detection signal from the photodetector by a lock-in detector using a frequency based on a rotational frequency of the rotating analyzer as a reference signal; and detecting an electric field vector of the terahertz wave based on a detection signal from the lock-in detector.
Abstract:
A light source and a method for its use in an optical sensor are provided, the light source including a resistively heated element. The light source includes a power circuit configured to provide a pulse width modulated voltage to the resistively heated element, the pulse width modulated voltage including: a duty cycle with a first voltage; and a pulse period including a period with a second voltage, wherein: the duty cycle, the first voltage, and the pulse period are selected so that the resistively heated element is heated to a first temperature; and the first temperature is selected to emit black body radiation in a continuum spectral range. Also provided is an optical sensor for determining a chemical composition including a light source as above.
Abstract:
A device for non-invasively determining existence of a gas component of interest inside a determination space of a glass unit comprises a laser beam emitting unit comprising a laser source for emitting laser beam towards said measuring space and detecting unit comprising a detector for detecting transmission of said emitted laser beams travelled through said space. The device is configured to measure in a calibration mode locations of at least one reference peak of at least same gas component as to the determined inside the determination space. The emitted laser beam is configured to travel through a calibration space having at least the gas component of interest, and the detecting means is configured essentially to detect or image said beam transmitted through said calibration space. The device is also configured to be moved so to receive said determination space between the laser beam emitting unit and detecting unit for a determining purpose of the existence of the interest gas component inside said determination space.
Abstract:
Highly advantageous spectrometer systems and associated methods are disclosed which utilize phase modulation in conjunction with first and second harmonic detection to reduce or eliminate negative impacts from interference patterns.