Abstract:
Methods are provided for determining the compatibility of various grades of fuel oils, as well as methods for modifying fuel oils to improve compatibility and improved compatibility compositions. It has been discovered that the toluene equivalent solvation power of a blend of fuel oils does not vary in a straightforward manner with respect to the toluene equivalent solvation power of the individual blend components. Instead, it has been determined that the asphaltene content of the individual components can also influence the toluene equivalent solvation power of the final blend. Based on this discovery, methods are provided that can allow for modification of one or more components of a potential fuel oil blend. This can reduce and/or minimize the likelihood of asphaltene precipitation when a fuel oil blend is formed.
Abstract:
Composition which can be used in particular as odorant for a gaseous fuel, more particularly natural gas, comprising: from 0.1 to 49.9 parts by weight of at least one alkyl sulphide (I) of formula: R1—S—R2 in which R1 and R2, which are identical or different, represent: an alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or R1 and R2, taken with the sulphur atom to which they are attached, represent a saturated or unsaturated ring comprising from 3 to 5 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by a C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 alkenyl radical; from 50 to 99.8 parts by weight of at least two alkyl acrylates (II), the alkyl radicals of which comprise from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 8; from 0.001 to 0.1 part by weight of at least one compound (III) which inhibits the polymerization of the alkyl acrylates (II).
Abstract:
Fuels, especially hydrocarbon fuels, and lubricants, especially lubricating oils, contain a class of anti-corrosion, anti-wear, anti-fatigue, and extreme pressure additives that are derived from 1,3-dithiolane-2-thiones.
Abstract:
A method and composition for identifying chemically tagged petroleum products can be achieved by adding one or more chemicals to a selected petroleum product wherein the chemical is immune to extraction from the petroleum product by conventional inexpensive absorbents, cannot be removed by extraction with acids, bases, or immiscible solvents, cannot be easily oxidized, reduced or reacted with common agents, is difficult to disguise by masking with other agents, has a low polarity, and has a boiling point in the range of the petroleum product the chemical is being added to. The presence of the chemical is determined by using ion mobility spectroscopy.
Abstract:
There are disclosed low sulphur content middle distillate fuel oils which have their lubricity properties greatly improved through the addition of a compound having at least one substituted aromatic ring system wherein the substituents are one or more aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups having 14 to 36 carbon atoms, one or more hydroxyl groups or a derivative thereof and one or more amide groups.
Abstract:
The invention relates to novel compositions comprising ene and free radical adducts of unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons, and acyclic and cyclic vicinal polycarbonyl compounds such as diethyl ketomalonate and indantrione. The adducts are reacted with nucleophiles such as amines, electrophiles such as anhydrides and esters, and metal ions. Post-products are obtained via reaction of said products with capping reagents such as boric acid. Compositions containing said adducts, products and post-products include oleaginous substances such as fuels and lube oils.
Abstract:
Monoalkylated diphenyl oxides are high-temperature stable lubricant fluids having excellent low temperature viscometrics, and excellent additive solubility. These monoalkylated products are obtained by the alkylation of diphenyl oxide using, for example, an olefin alkylating agent, usually in the C.sub.8 to C.sub.18 range, in the presence of an acidic zeolite alkylation catalyst such as USY, which provides the selectivity for the monoalkylated product.
Abstract:
Various heterocyclic compounds have been discovered that impart improved fuel economy and friction modification to lubricant and fuel compositions. These heterocyclic compounds of the invention preferably contain nitrogen and may be further reacted with hydrocarbyl carboxylic acid acylating reactants or hydrocarbyl phenolic reactants to give higher molecular materials. These higher molecular weight materials have higher oil-solubility and impart dispersancy properties to lubricant and fuel compositions.