Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electron emitting element capable of suppressing signal distortion to prevent screen quality deterioration due to the signal distortion. SOLUTION: The present invention relates to an electron emitting element further including an extra electrode having various functions in addition to electrodes contributing to electron emission. The electron emitting element includes first and second bases disposed opposite to each other, cathode and gate electrodes disposed on the first base via an insulating layer in an effective electron emission region provided on the first base, an electron emission source formed so as to electrically contact with the cathode electrode, at least one dummy electrode positioned out of the effective electron emission region, at least one anode electrode formed on the second base, and a fluorescent layer formed on one surface of the anode electrode. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
Abstract:
An inverse photoemission spectroscopy apparatus is configured to detect a light generated by the relaxation of electrons to an unoccupied state of a sample.The apparatus includes an electron source for generating electrons with which a sample is irradiated, a wavelength selector for extracting a light having a certain wavelength from the light generated in the sample, a photodetector for detecting the light extracted by the wavelength selector; and a focusing optics disposed between the sample and the photodetector. The electron source contains yttrium oxide as a thermionic emission material.
Abstract:
Methods of marking paper products and marked paper products are provided. Some methods include irradiating the paper product to alter the functionalization of the paper.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an electron optical system for receiving a plurality of beamlets, comprising a first electrostatic lens array for focusing a plurality of beamlets; a modulation array comprising a plurality of modulators for modulating the intensity of the beamlets; a scan deflector array comprising a plurality of electrostatic scan deflectors for deflecting a portion of the beamlets in a predetermined direction; and a second electrostatic lens array for focusing the deflected beamlets.
Abstract:
Apparatus for spin polarizing a particle beam, which is adapted to process an input particle beam (Bi) in such a way as to generate an at least partially spin polarized output particle beam (Bo), and comprises: - a vortex beam generator (1) for imparting orbital angular momentum to the input particle beam; - an electromagnetic field generator (5) for generating a transverse magnetic field, space-variant and symmetric with respect to the (z) axis of the input particle beam, in such a way as to change the spin of the particles and attach thereto a plurality of different values of orbital angular momentum in dependence on their input spin values; and - a beam component separating group (7, 9) for spatially separating the particles in dependence on their orbital angular momentum values, in such a way as to obtain the at least partially spin polarized output particle beam.